Exam (elaborations)
NUR 280 PATHO EXAM
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 30 pages for the course NUR 280 at NUR 280 (NUR 280 PATHO EXAM)
[Show more]
Content preview
NUR 280 PATHO EXAM5 major classes of organisms that can infect humans - ANSWER 1. viruses
2. bacteria
3. fungi
4. protozoa
5. helminths
(Very Bad For People's Health)
Viruses once inside the cell have many harmful cellular effects... - ANSWER 1.
decrease host cell protein synthesis
2. viral antigens cause host immune system to attack the infected host cell
3. transform host cells into cancer cells
4. lysosome disruption produces cell lysis
5. cell fusion produces giant cells
6. promotes secondary bacterial infections
Viral Infections - ANSWER requires the virus to bind to a specific receptor on the
plasma membrane of the host cell - specificity of the virus for certain receptors and
the distribution of these receptors throughout the host's tissues can dictate which
host cells a particular virus can infect
Bacteremia - ANSWER presence of bacteria in the blood
Septicemia - ANSWER presence and multiplication of bacteria in the blood
a serious, systemic, and life-threatening infection that gets worse very quickly and
leads to sepsis
Fungal Infections - ANSWER also called mycoses - spreads through living tissues,
killing cells and absorbing nutrients
1. single-celled: yeasts, facultative anaerobes
2. multicellular: molds, aerobes
Dermatophytes - ANSWER fungi that cause infection of the hair, skin, and nails
(tineas, ringworm)
Protozoan Infections - ANSWER abundant in soil and water
responsible for amoebic dysentery and malaria
Helminth Infections (Parasitic Worms) - ANSWER live inside their host - typically
cause weakness and discomfort, but do not themselves kill the host, it is
complications resulting from parasitic infection that prove fatal - malnutrition, chronic
bleeding, and secondary infections by bacterial or viral pathogens
Adenoviruses - ANSWER childhood respiratory infections, eye infections
Aspergillus fumigatus - ANSWER fungi - aspergillosis
,Campylobacter jejuni - ANSWER most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in US
Candida albicans - ANSWER fungi - thrush, vaginal yeast infections, systemic
infections
Clostridium botulinum - ANSWER bacteria - food-borne botulism (food poisoning)
Clostridium tetani - ANSWER bacteria - tetanus
Enterococcus faecalis - ANSWER bacteria - wound infections
Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, Microsporum - ANSWER 3 genera of fungi that
cause dermatophytoses (such as tinea capitis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis)
Epstein-Barr - ANSWER virus - infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma
Escherichia coli - ANSWER bacteria - UTIs, neonatal meningitis, gastroenteritis,
food poisoning
Haemophilus influenzae - ANSWER bacteria - upper respiratory infection
Helicobacter pylori - ANSWER bacteria - most common chronic infection in
humans, gastric and peptic ulcers, acute infection causes abdominal pain, weight
loss, nausea and vominting
Hepatitis B virus - ANSWER hepatitis
Herpes simplex virus - ANSWER cold sores around mouth (HSV-1) or genital
herpes (HSV-2)
HIV-1 - ANSWER AIDS
Human papilloma virus - ANSWER genital warts, cervical cancer
Influenza virus (A,B,C) - ANSWER influenza
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) - ANSWER Kaposi's
sarcoma
Klebsiella pneumoniae - ANSWER bacteria - lung infections
Measles - ANSWER virus - measles
Mumps - ANSWER virus - mumps
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - ANSWER bacteria - tuberculosis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae - ANSWER bacteria - gonorrhea
Neisseria meningitidis - ANSWER bacteria - meningococcal meningitis
, Pneumocystis jiroveci - ANSWER fungi - pneumonia
Polio - ANSWER virus - polio
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ANSWER bacteria - skin infections, wound infections,
burns - epitome of an opportunistic infection pathogen of humans (CF and traumatic
burns)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus - ANSWER most common cause of bronchiolitis and
pneumonia in kids under 1 y/o
Rhinovirus - ANSWER common cold
Rubella virus - ANSWER German measles
Salmonella - ANSWER bacterial diarrhea, salmonellosis
Shigella - ANSWER bacteria - watery or bloody diarrhea
Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWER bacteria - skin infections, wound infections,
burn infections; almost anywhere in the body - MRSA
Staphylococcus epidermidis - ANSWER bacteria - otitis media, community acquired
lung infections and pneumonia, currently the leading cause of invasive bacterial
disease in children and the elderly
Group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) - ANSWER bacteria - respiratory
infections (strep throat, otitis pneumonia) and skin infections (impetigo, cellulitis) -
95% of all strep throat cases in the US
Treponema pallidum - ANSWER bacteria - syphillis
Trichomonas vaginalis - ANSWER bacteria - trichomoniasis (vaginitis)
Varicella-Zoster - ANSWER virus - shingles and chicken pox
Two types of bacterial toxins - ANSWER endotoxin and exotoxin
Exotoxin - ANSWER proteins (primarily enzymes) or peptides made by the living
organism which damage the plasma membranes of host cells or prevent
phagocytosis
- gram positive bacteria
- do not produce high fever
- antigenic (stimulate adaptive immune response)
- ex: Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera
Endotoxin - ANSWER part of the bacterial cell wall that is released upon death of
the cell
- gram negative bacteria
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller leonardmuriithi061. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now