Exam (elaborations)
APWH 4.2
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Exam of 10 pages for the course APWH 4.2 at APWH 4.2 (APWH 4.2)
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APWH 4.2 Questions With CompleteSolution
v New Tools/Innovations in Ship Designs - Astrolabe
Revised Maps
Caravels
Chinese maritime activity - expanded into the Indian Ocean region with the naval voyages led by Ming
Admiral Zheng He, which enhanced Chinese prestige
Did it to flex
Portuguese Maritime Expansion - development of a school for navigation lead to increased travel and
trade with west africa and resulted in the construction of a global trading-post empire
Spanish sponsorship - first columbian and subsequent voyages across the atlantic and pacific
dramatically increased european interest in transoceanic travel and trade
Marco Polo - Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a
firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.
Ibn Battuta - Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a
detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.
Xuanzang - Chinese Buddhist Monk during Tang Dynasty - brought interaction between China and India
Voyages of Zheng He - Sailed throughout southeast Asia, Indian Ocean - reaching Africa
Potentially Reached North America?
Had the Chinese continued to explore - they would have dominated colonial power
Ming abruptly stop naval voyages for belief they contradicted Confucian values
China's downfall - Turns to a silver currency - sets up a trading partnership with Spain in Philippines
Silver becomes inflated - economy suffers
Famine, internal problems, bad economy leads to peasant uprisings
, 1644 - Ming leaders request help from Qing warriors from Manchuria
Qing warriors overthrow Ming Dynasty - set up Qing dynasty - ruled by the Manchus until 1911
Qing Dynasty - Manchus from manchuria, not ethically Chinese
Attempted to remain ethnically elite
Forbade Chinese to learn Manchu Language
Did not allow intermarriage
They were only 3% of the country, so they needed the chinese to help run it
Civil service was very popular
They took away confucianism from civil service exam, opening it up to more of the lower class
People could now hold higher positions, and they liked it
Emperors were well educated in Chinese traditions
Kangxi
Qianling
Portuguese Exploration - Strategically situated near the coast of Africa, had a long standing trade
relationship with Muslim nations
Prince Henry the navigator created a school for navigation
1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounds the cape of Good Hope, and raids east african kingdoms, and swahili
states. He reaches india and sets up trade relations
Spanish Exploration - Colonization of the Americas by the conquistadors in search for gold, glory and god
Queen isabella 1492 - sponsors the voyage of Christopher Columbus to head west across the Atlantic
(lands in Cuba and West Indies) - sparks the westward exploration of the Americas
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand - (house of Castile) and ferdinand (house of Aragon)
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