ABSC 160 Final Study Guide Questions + Answers Graded A+
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Course
ABSC 160
Institution
ABSC 160
- Ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner's theory) - ️️oBronfenbrenner's ecological
systems theory views child development as a complex system of relationships affected
by multiple levels of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of family and
school to broad cultural values, laws, ...
ABSC 160 Final Study Guide
- Ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner's theory) - ✔️✔️oBronfenbrenner's ecological
systems theory views child development as a complex system of relationships affected
by multiple levels of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of family and
school to broad cultural values, laws, and custom
The activities of a "good" consumer of developmental information - ✔️✔️o Know the
source of your information
o Examine the evidence- question authority
o Become a critical thinker
o Beware of making generalizations
o Be aware of perceptual bias
o Question "common sense"
Concepts of multifinality and equifinality - ✔️✔️o Multifinality-the principle by which the
same pathways may lead to different developmental outcomes
o Equifinality- the principle by which different developmental pathways may result in the
same outcome
skepticism - ✔️✔️judging the validity of a claim based on objective empirical evidence
pseudoscience - ✔️✔️A collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being
based on scientific method
Quantitative vs qualitative changes - ✔️✔️o Quantitative changes: changes in the
amount or quantity of what you are measuring
o Qualitative changes: changes in the overall nature of what you are examining
- Define theory and its relationship to scientific research - ✔️✔️o Developmental
theory- a moral of development based on observations that allows us to make
predictions
- Describe the criteria for judging developmental theories (that is, how to tell a good
theory from a bad theory) - ✔️✔️o Accuracy: does the theory describe actual events
- Takes place through observation and elements
o Clarity: does the theory provide a clear explanation, such that a competent person
would understand it?
o Predictability: does the theory accurately predict future events?/ how specific are the
predictions?
o Practicality: does the theory provide useful information?/ how applicable is this to
everyday life
, o Internal consistency: does the theory use the same principles to explain multiple
situations?/ does the theory build on itself, rather than create new explanations?
o Parsimony: does the theory use the simplest explanation possible?/ what does the
theory assume that hasn't been proven?
-Occam's razor: the simplest explanation is usually the correct one
o Testability: can you demonstrate that the theory does or doesn't work?/ what makes it
so the theory can or can't be tested
o Productivity: does the theory result in additional questions about the explanations?
o Self satisfying: does the theory make sense
Describe learning theory (aka, behavioral theory) - ✔️✔️Behaviorism- the theory
developed by John B. Watson that focuses on environmental control of observable
behavior
tenets of developmental theory - ✔️✔️o Tenet #1: Development is continuous
o Tenet #2: Development is not a constant, even process
o Tenet #3: Development is non-linear
o Ex: when teeth form in a child, a child's sleep
o Tenet #4: Description is not enough
-Cognitive development-this is a child's ability to learn and solve problems - descriptive
development
o Tenet #5: Nature and nurture play a role
-Identical twins provide an interesting look at this
description - ✔️✔️o what happens- gives an account of an event
explanation - ✔️✔️o why and how it happens- allows prediction and control
- Identify the components of the scientific method including developing hypotheses,
operationalizing concepts, sampling, collecting data - ✔️✔️o Components of scientific
method:
- Ask a question
- Do background research
- Conduct a hypothesis
- Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
- Analyze your data and draw a conclusion
Report your results (was your hypothesis correct?)
- Explain the importance of replication when conducting research - ✔️✔️It is important
to replicate the study, so that it is made sure that the study is done accurately across
multiple times
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