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SPMA 3P17 questions with complete solutions A+graded
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SPMA 3P17 questions with complete solutions A+graded
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SPMA 3P17how do we collect and analyze qualitative data? - correct answer ✔✔participant observation
- analyzing field sites
- interested in the dynamics of human interactions
- where interviewing is not possible
- or together with interviewing and/or documents
method - correct answer ✔✔how you go about doing something
eg. participant observation - being in the field, observing, taking down notes, recording natural life
methodology - correct answer ✔✔why you are going about it in a particular way
- overarching framework
eg. ethnography - research in the setting observing as things happen to understand human life in a
particular setting
characteristics of participant observation - correct answer ✔✔- based on "naturalism"
- social context (setting) is of multiple importance
- direct observation and interaction
- sufficient time
- use of a variety of data sources
- volume of recorded data
- evolving character of the study
- researcher is the primary data collection instrument
- focus on both explicit and tactic knowledge
,explicit knowledge - correct answer ✔✔exactly what is said, heard, and seen
tactic knowledge - correct answer ✔✔the unspoken, information that is harder to get at
assumptions of participant observation - correct answer ✔✔- a researcher can are in the participants
world
- a researcher can directly participate in the participants world
- by participating in the participants world, a researcher can understand the participants world from
his/her unique perspective
role of the observer - correct answer ✔✔- covert role
- complete role
- active role
- peripheral role
peripheral role - correct answer ✔✔maintains the fly on the wall stance, basically a witness, documents
what they see, an invisible role
active role - correct answer ✔✔researcher is actively involved in whatever field research they're in
complete role - correct answer ✔✔completely emerged in the study, overt, participant in the activity
covert role - correct answer ✔✔access to hiden facets of social life (drug dealing), can be risky, harder to
get ethical clearance
portrayal of the purpose of the research to others - correct answer ✔✔false explanation
- using deception as to the purpose of the research project
covert explanations
- no explanation
partial explanation
, - not everyone knows the true intent of the project
full explanation of real purpose
- everyone knows the intent of the research
duration of observations - correct answer ✔✔- single observation, limited time
- long term, multiple observations
- general rule: start with a broad focus and move to a narrow focus to look for particular important issues
procedures in participant observation - correct answer ✔✔1. select a site to be observed
2. negotiate access and entry to the site
3. determine who or what to observe, when, and for how long
4. determine role in the setting
5. design an observation protocol
6. conduct systematic data collection and begin analysis
7. decide when and how to leave the setting
8. complete the analysis process and write the research report
types of field notes - correct answer ✔✔- jotted notes
- direct observation notes
- researcher inference notes
- analytic notes
- personal notes
jotted notes - correct answer ✔✔- written in the field
- short temp memory triggers
- words or phrases are then used to prompt memory for later
- participant quotes
- analytic jottings - as you're hearing something you start to think of the meaning
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