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AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS FINAL EXAM
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AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS FINAL EXAM
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AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS FINAL EXAMWhat were autistic children historically believed to be? - answers--schizophrenic
Who is leo kanner and what did he do for the history of asd? - answers-- described 11
cases of what he termed "early infantile autism" noting ways in which it is distinctive
from psychosis/schizophrenia
-certain aspects of his speculations proven incorrect: normal iq, lack of association with
other medical conditions, poor parenting/education
Hans asperger - answers-- 1944 proposed autistic pyschopathy, based off of 4
observations of children
- now known as asperger's to separate it from general autism
Autism eruption? - answers-- nature of the disability
- actual increase in incidence
- increased identification
- better treatments = hope
- insurance coverage
- jenny mccarthy factor
- better tools
Cause of autism? - answers-- abnormalities in brain and cns development
- may include chemical exposure, viral and genetic factors
- diagnosis made by behavioral observation
Dsm-5 definition - answers-deficits in social communication (all 3)
- nonverbal communication
-social and emotional reciprocity
-maintaining relationships
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (2)
- stereotyped motor or verbal behavior
- unusual sensory behavior
- excessive adherence to routines and ritualized
- restricted fixated interests
-symptoms present in early childhood
- significant impairment
- not better explained by intellectual disability
Importance of effective early diagnosis and treatment - answers-- more intervention
opportunities
- more opportunities
- insurance coverage for treatment
, Costs of asd - answers-- total lifetime cost, 3.2 million
- medicaid enrolled children 6 times greater for children with asd
Historical perspective on asd - answers-- less than 2% function normally (rutter)
- 60% require institutional placement/support (rutter)
Ucla young autism project (lovaas) - answers-- intensive aba = 9/19 recovered or
normal functioning
- a major breakthrough with major methodological concerns
Aba what is it? - answers-- applied behavior analysis
- strives to produce rapid and clear benefit to problems of social importance
- uses objective and accurate measurement of the behavior of interest
- uses controlled methods to understand the environmental variables that influence an
individuals behavior
The opioid excess theory (leaky gut syndrome) - answers-- argues that children with
autism have been exposed to an overload of opiod-like substances
- these substances: found in many gluten and casein products do not break down large
proteins and they leak from the intestines to the blood stream
- from there, they reach the brain and affect the cns, producing symptoms
Historical myths about autism - answers-- children with autism never make eye contact,
show affection, or smile
- inside a child with autism is a genius waiting to emerge
- children with autism don't speak, but they could if they wanted to
- children with autism don't relate with peers and adults and don't want friends
- children with autism are manipulative
- autism is an emotional disorder
- autism can be outgrown, or progress means a child is not autistic
Idea: individuals with disabilities education act - answers-- autism was not an official
disability category under federal law until 1990
What do we know about autism - answers-- biological disorder with multiple etiologies
- no single cause, no single cure
- no biological marker
- no evidence of parenting defects of emotionally induced autism
Prevalence of asd - answers-- 1:68
- 4 times more likely in boys
- no known racial, ethnic, or social boundaries
- no relation to family income, lifestyle
Core symptoms of asd - answers-- social/communication deficits
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