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questions with graded A+ answers for HTHSCI 3I03 Midterm 2
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questions with graded A+ answers for HTHSCI 3I03 Midterm 2
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1-208 of 208What is higher, the percentage of T-cells that make it out of the thymus or the
percentage of B-cells that make it out of bone marrow?
- percentage of T-cells
,What occurs when there is costimulation? (Example)
- ex. B7 on APC, CD28 on T cell
- required for priming
-naive T cell activated
- IL-2 autocrine loop
- proliferates and differentiates
- differentiates: develops machinery for killing
- effector function (kill)
What cytokines are involves in lepromatous leprosy?
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Th2 cytokines
- IL-4
- IL-5
- IL-10
(worst chance)
What is rearranged when it is a pro-B cell?
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- heavy chain
- DJ
,How do CD4 T cells help CD8 T cells?
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- CD4 T cells express CD40L which activates APC through CD40
- stimulation of APC through CD40 increases B7 and 4-IBBL
- costimulates naive CD8 T-cell
- CD4 T cells also secretes IL-2 which sustains CD8 T cell proliferation
(paracrine signalling)
What is T-cell exhaustion?
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- infection cannot be resolved quickly
- T-cells are unable to continue to battle
- avoids excessive immunopathology (ex. cancer)
How can anergy be induced by T-regulatory cells?
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- T-regs express a high number of CTLA-4
- binds B7 molecules on APC with higher affinity than CD28 on T effector
cells
- APC can't costimulate!
, What are natural T-reg cells?
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- develop in the thymus
- from cells that bind with high affinity but don't undergo negative
selection
- was never a naive T cell that exited the thymus
- Cell contact-dependent inhibition
What is active regulation?
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- external force
- a T-reg cell that actively shuts down other T-cell subtypes
What are the four ways T-regs can shut down effector T-cells? (no descriptions)
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1) inhibitory cytokines
2) cytolysis
3) metabolic disruption
4) targeting dendritic cells
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