Biology Cumulative Exam Study Questions and
100% Correct Answers
Cell membrane - ✔✔A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or
leave the cell.
Nuclear Envelope - ✔✔A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell.
Nucleus - ✔✔A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth
and reproduction.
Nucleolus - ✔✔Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes.
Cytoplasm - ✔✔A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.
Mitochondria - ✔✔Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy)
production.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔A system of membranes that is found in a cell's
cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and
in the production of lipids.
Golgi Apparatus - ✔✔A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins
for export by the cell.
Lysosome - ✔✔A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down
large food particles into smaller ones.
, Ribosome - ✔✔Makes proteins.
Vacuole - ✔✔Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates.
Cell Wall - ✔✔A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell (only in plant cells).
Chloroplast - ✔✔An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis
occurs.
Cytoskeleton - ✔✔A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to
keep its shape, and aids in movement.
Centriole - ✔✔Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only.
What are the differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? - ✔✔Prokaryotes
have no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, reproduce asexually, and are small.
(Bacteria)
Eukaryotes, have nucleus, membrane-bound organelles reproduce sexually, and are
large.
What is the structure of the cell membrane called? - ✔✔Phospholipid Bilayer
Diffusion - ✔✔A type of passive transport across membranes that does not require
energy.
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