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PHAR 100 Final Exam from Jud questions and answers 2025.
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PHAR 100 Final Exam from Jud questions and answers 2025.
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PHAR 100 Final Exam from Judquestions and answers 2025
Codeine - answer 0.5% opium
Pain relief
Morphine - answer 10% opium
Immense pain reliever
Gold standard drug
Curare - answer Indigenous people dipped arrows, causing
paralysis to animals
Paul Enrlich (father of chemo)
Gerhard Domagk
Alexander Fleming
Selman Waksman
Morton - answer Organoarsenicals--> syphilis
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin
Streptomyocin (TB)
Ether
Receptor - answer Molecule located on the inside or outside of a
cell that has a regulatory role in homeostasis
Agonists - answer Drugs that bind to a receptor and stimulate it
,Antagonists - answer Drugs that bind to a receptor but block the
response that it normally elicits
Dose-Response Relationship - answer Intensity is proportional to
dosage
Low dose = little response; not enough receptors activated
Threshold dose = enough receptors activated to elicit response
Past threshold = small increments in dose lead to increasing
intensity in response
Max effect = maximal response; once you increase the dose past
maximum there is no increase in response
ED 50 - answer Dose that results in 50% of the maximum effect
Dose that is effective in 50% of the population
Efficacy - answer The maximum response that can be produced by
a drug
Potency - answer The strength of the drug
The amount that must be given in order to get a certain response
Therapeutic Range - answer The dose of a drug that keeps blood
concentrations above the minimum needed for a response but below
the toxic response concentration
In between ineffective and toxic
Bioavailability - answer The fraction of the administered drug that
enters the bloodstream (i.e. 100% for IV administration)
Absorption - answer Movement of a drug from site of
administration to the blood
, Distribution/Redistribution - answer Movement of a drug from
blood to the site of action (i.e. tissue)
Metabolism/Biotransformation - answer Conversion of a drug to a
different chemical compound; occurs mainly in the liver
Excretion - answer Moving a drug and its metabolites out of the
body
Half Life - answer Time needed for the liver and kidney to remove
half of the drug from the body
Teratogenesis - answer Drug produces birth defects
Therapeutic Index (TI) - answer = TD50/ED50
Higher TI = Safer Drug
Lower TI = Greater chance of toxicity
TD 50 - answer The dose that is toxic in 50% of the population
Drug-Drug Interactions - answer One drug changes the
pharmacological effect of a second drug
- alters the absorption, metabolism or excretion of the other
Tyramine (Drug-Food Interactions) - answer Found in cheese; raises
blood pressure
Normally broken down in the liver by MAO
Drugs that inhibit MAO (i.e. antidepressants) mean that it can't be
broken down; results in increased blood pressure
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