BCH exam 2 Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Properties of waxes - Answer-low melting points, stable solids, appear in both
plants and animals in nature
a wax coat protects the surface of many plant leaves from water loss and attack from
microorganisms
What defines a carbohydrate? - Answer-...
How are cyclic monosaccharides formed? What arises upon formation? - Answer✔✔-
the -OH group on a hexose will attack C-1 to form a ring
* the C-1 is the "ball" in the ball and stick models
when the ring is formed, a new asymmetric carbon is introduced into the molecule
How does fructose form a 5 membered ring and a 6 membered ring? - Answer✔✔-6
membered pyranose ring: run C2 keto group with the OH on C1
5 membered ring by reaction of C2 keto group with OH on C1
What do alpha and beta mean/why are they used? What are these structures called? -
Answer✔✔-alpha & beta decribe the orientation of the OH group on C1 in a cyclic
sugar. These classifications are used because a new stereocenter arises when the
cyclic structure is formed
the Alpha and Beta forms of a cyclic sugar are ANOMERS- they differ in
stereochemistry around the ring-forming carbon
since alpha and beta differ in one one chiral center, anomers can also be considered
epimers
For L sugars:
4/82
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