Exam (elaborations)
IBHRE CEPS (Actual) Exam Solved 2024
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IBHRE CEPS (Actual) Exam Solved 2024
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IBHRE CEPS (Actual) Exam Solved 2024% of filling volume from different methods - ANSWER-rapid diastolic filling (suction cup)
= 60%
Diastasis (passive filling) = 25%
Atrial kick (active filling) = 15-20%
% of pathways that are bidirectional - ANSWER-60%
1 cm = ? mV - ANSWER-1 cm = 1 mV
1 small box on EKG is how many ms/ seconds - ANSWER-40 ms / .04 s
2 most common complications during PVI procedures - ANSWER-1. PV stenosis
2. Cardiac tamponade
2 things to monitor to prevent phrenic nerve damage - ANSWER-1. pacing phrenic
2. observe inhalation on fluoro (if one side stops moving=bad)
3 things that change automaticity of automatic cells - ANSWER-1. slope of phase 4
2. Change of threshold potential
3. Change of resting membrane potential
6 P's of acute arterial occlusion - ANSWER-1. Pain
2. Pulseless
3. Paralysis
4. Paraesthesia (numbness)
5. Polar (coldness)
6. Pallor
a systole is represented by what portion of the ECG - ANSWER-QT interval
ACLS definition - ANSWER-advanced cardiac life support
ACT for using array - ANSWER-ACT 250-300
ACT when pulling - ANSWER-should be less than 160
Adherence to tissue with cryocath is indicated by - ANSWER-distal electrode electrical
noise
advantage of bipolar leads - ANSWER-less prone to EMI noise
Afterload - ANSWER-The force or resistance against which the heart pumps (force
opposing ejection of blood). Increased afterload will decrease CO
, arterial pulse pressure - ANSWER-the difference between systolic and diastolic blood
pressure
asymptomatic phrenic nerve damage can be seen with - ANSWER-hemidiaphragm on
x-ray (half of diaphragm is elevated)
At rest, what is intracellular/extracellular environment - ANSWER-inside negative,
outside positive
athletes lower heart rate due to - ANSWER-intrinsic decreased SAN rate
Baylis NRG RF Transseptal needle has - ANSWER-Side holes for pressure and
contrast
Bazett's formula - ANSWER-corrected QT = QT/Square root of RR interval // it is used
to correct for patients heart rate because QT becomes shorter at faster rates
Beck's Triad - ANSWER-Acute signs of tamponade (hypotension, distended neck veins,
distant heart sounds)
Best leads to look at for LV acute MI (septal, anterior, lateral, posterior, inferior) -
ANSWER-Septal: V1, V2
Anterior: V3, V4
Lateral: 1, aVL
Posterior: V1-V4 (reciprocal changes)
Inferior: II, III, aVF
Best needle to use for pericardial space via subxyphoid approach - ANSWER-Tuohy
needle
Best numbers for ventricular lead - ANSWER-Threshold <1 V / Sensing >4 mV
bipolar cardiac electrodes record local _________ that occur during phase _______ -
ANSWER-depolarizations / phase 0
Blood pressure ranges - ANSWER-Systolic- less than 120
Diastolic- less than 80
BP equation - ANSWER-BP = CO x SVR
C to F - ANSWER-F=9/5C+32
Cardiac muscle cell depol occurs via what channel - ANSWER-Na+ fast channel
Carotid sinus massage - ANSWER--chronotropic effect
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