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NAVLE PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NAVLE PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NAVLE PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSA person calls to to say she adopted a friend's dog and requests a copy of the dog's
medical record and radiographs. The former owner is a client at your clinic. Which one
of the following choices is the most appropriate action to take?
A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical record only
C - Give caller a copy of medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a new medical record documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record with personal identifiers (vet, owner names) blocked out -
Answers-A
According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (2008 revision)
"Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is considered privileged and
confidential. It must not be released except by court order or consent of the owner of the
patient. Veterinarians should secure a written release to document that request."
A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented with the complaints
of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened small intestinal
loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and serum biochemistry shows
increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with accompanying cholangitis
and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one of the following normal anatomic features
may predispose cats to this triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile and pancreatic
ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers of the wall of
the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa - Answers-B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into the
duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to ascending cholangitis and
pancreatitis after vomiting associated with inflammatory bowel disease, resulting in
extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture, duodenal
obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
,In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading to decreased
absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin K, potentially resulting in
coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical intervention to
relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate supportive care, antimicrobial
treatment, and vitamin K administration.
Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died. The surviving
piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal discharge. Necropsy of the piglets
reveals pulmonary edema and copious fluid in the trachea and bronchi along with
grayish- white necrotic foci on the myocardium. Which one of the following diseases is
the most likely diagnosis?
A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies - Answers-B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the family
picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig contact, contamination
of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion of dead rodents may cause disease.
See pulmonary edema and copious transudate in the respiratory tract, causing cardiac
failure. Zoo outbreaks of EMCV have included lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos,
sloths, llamas, antelope and nonhuman primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a Florida
zoo in the USA occurred after feeding them the carcass of an African elephant that had
died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic Escherichia coli
producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high mortality in recently-weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute disease of 6 to 8
week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis, polyserositis, and meningitis.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an arterivirus causing
reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory disease.
What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva - Answers-D
,The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of transmission is via
saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may shed the virus for months to
years. Transmission may also occur through reuse of instruments and blood. Virus is
shed in saliva, tears, urine, and feces.
You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves between the age of 2
weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak, dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy
they have pale cardiac and skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
A - Copper deficiency
B - Sorghum toxicity
C - Lightning strike
D - Selenium deficiency - Answers-D
The correct answer is selenium deficiency. The pale muscle and clinical signs are
classic for vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This is important to remember! Other
things that should be on your differential list for this case include cardiotoxic plants.
A 10-year old German Shepherd presents to you with the complaint of licking the anal
area and scooting. On examination, you find numerous ulcerated tracts in the perianal
area that are draining purulent fluid. What is the diagnosis?
A - Perianal fistula
B - Clostridial colitis
C - Anal sac abscess
D - Anal sac impaction - Answers-A
The correct answer is perianal fistula. This is seen mainly in older German Shepherds,
and licking the anus is a common presenting complaint. The key finding is the presence
of multiple draining tracts in the perianal region that can actually be quite deep.
Damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is associated with "roaring" in horses. The
left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch off of which cranial nerve?
A - Glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
B - Facial (CN 7)
C - Trigeminal (CN 5)
D - Hypoglossal (CN 12)
E - Vagus (CN 10) - Answers-E
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (a branch of the Vagus (CN 10)) causes
laryngeal hemiplegia - a paralysis of the abductor muscle (dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle)
controlling the glottic cleft in the larynx.
This allows the vocal fold (usually left side) to evert into the lumen of the larynx,
obstructing airflow, leading to a roaring sound, and most importantly, slowing the horse.
, Oral administration of which of these drugs has been implicated as a cause of
esophageal strictures in cats?
A - Doxycycline
B - Azithromycin
C - Diazepam
D - Potassium bromide - Answers-A
The correct answer is doxycycline. There is also evidence that clindamycin can cause
stricture formation. For this reason, it is recommended that after pilling a cat with
doxycycline, it is followed with a small volume (5-10 mls) of water.
A 5 year old female spayed Cocker Spaniel is presented with a strange expression. Her
right ear and lip appear to droop. There is ptosis O.D. (right eye) and the dog is drooling
on the exam table. What anatomic structure is damaged?
A - Right side inner ear
B - Left side inner ear
C - Trigeminal nerve
D - Facial nerve
E - Left side medulla, motor tract - Answers-D
Think of facial nerve paralysis (CN 7) with a unilaterally droopy face.
Remember the facial nerve is motor to the muscles of facial expression (explaining the
right side drooped ear, lip and eyelid) and innervates the lacrimal and salivary glands.
Loss of innervations can lead to a dry eye, and possibly to exposure keratitis if animal
losses ability to close eyelid from damage to facial nerve innervation of the orbicularis
oculi muscle. Idiopathic in 75% of canine cases (25% of cats).
Can also see these signs with middle ear damage (from otitis media), from facial nerve
trauma (ear surgery in dogs, or pressure from halter buckles in anesthetized horse), or
neoplasia.
Think more of a dropped jaw with trigeminal nerve neuropathy (CN 5-dogs, horses).
You see an 8-month old kitten with the effusive form of feline infectious peritonitis and
perform euthanasia. The kitten was having severe diarrhea around the house when it
became ill. The owner has a 2 year old cat at home and wants to know what this cat's
prognosis is since it has been exposed to the sick kitten. Currently this cat is clinically
healthy. What do you tell her?
A - You recommend a coronavirus titer to determine it the cat is actively infected
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