FAD 3220 - Exam 1 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
FAD 3220
Institution
FAD 3220
Lifespan Dev o The field of study that explains patterns of growth, change and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan § It's the study of ways we stay the same and change over time § Specialist in this field ask what areas people change and when there is consistency and c...
FAD 3220 - Exam 1 Review Questions
and Correct Answers
Lifespan Dev ✅o The field of study that explains patterns of growth, change and
stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan
§ It's the study of ways we stay the same and change over time
§ Specialist in this field ask what areas people change and when there is consistency
and continuity
Continuous ✅o Heritability nor environmental one can account got the full range of
human development
§ Applies scientific method to the study of human development
O Physical development ✅§ involves the bodies physical makeup—brain, nervous
system, muscles, senses.
Cognitive development ✅§ involves intellectual capacities that influence a person's
behavior.
Personality develeopment ✅§ involves the ways that enduring characteristics that
differentiate one person from another
Social development ✅§ involves the way in which individuals' interactions with others
grow, change, and remain stable
Cohort ✅o A group of people around the same time in the same place
Age-grade ✅o Biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals
in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they are raised
§ Puberty and menopause
Sociocultural influence ✅o The social and cultural factors present at a particular time
for a particular individual, depending on such variables as ethnicity, social class, and
subcultural membership
§ White and affluent VS minority group
§ Impoverished
Nonnormative life event ✅o specific, atypical events that occur in a particular person's
life at a time when such events do not happen to most people.
§ For example, a child whose parents die in an automobile accident when she is 6 has
experienced a significant non-normative life event
,Continuous chnage ✅§ gradual development in which achievements at one level build
on those of previous levels
Discontinueous chnage ✅§ steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior
that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at previous stages
Critical period ✅o a specific time during development when a particular event has its
greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally
Attachment and bonding important to nurture babies
§ Argue that environmental influences likely produce permanent changes
§ Study children in orphanages who don't have attachment their emotional development
may be forever altered.
Sensative period ✅o a point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those
stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences
§ sensitive to language from 3-7. We can still learn after that, but process less efficient
Psychodynamic persoective ✅§ the approach that states behavior is motivated by
inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond people's awareness and
control
- · approach emphasizes emotions, motivational conflicts, and unconscious
determinants of behavior.
Behvaioral persoective ✅§ The approach that suggests that the keys to understanding
development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
- · emphasize overt behavior, paying far more attention to what people do than to what
goes on inside their heads, which is deemed largely irrelevant
Cognitive persoective - who thought of it ✅§ The approach that focuses on the
processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world
Piaget
Cognitive and humanistic theory of perspctive ✅· quite the opposite tack, looking more
at what people think than at what they do.
Evolutionary perspective ✅· focuses on how inherited biological factors underlie
development.
Operant conditioning - who did it , what study and what is it ✅- BF skinner
A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its
association with positive or negative consequences
· Conducted on lab rats teaching reinforcement and that if u hit a button it will release a
treat to teach them to hit to lever
, Reinforcment ✅§ The process by which behavior is followed by a stimulus that
increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.
What did freu do and what theory ✅- psychoanalytic theory
· ID(impulsive) Ego (what's shown) super ego (your good side)
O your unconscious mind
· Psychosexual development
O Oral, anal, phallic, genital
Erikson and what theory ✅§ Psychosocial theory
· 8 stages of development
· Stages made for crisis/ conflict to be resolved
O rust vs. Mistrust, autonomy vs. Shame and doubt, initiative vs. Guilt, industry vs.
Inferiority, identity vs. Role diffusion, intimacy vs. Isolation, generativity vs. Stagnation,
ego-integrity vs. Despair
John B watson and what did he do
What theory too ✅· Classical conditioning
O A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral
stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
§ Pavlov's dogs
· Salivating when you see food - associations with objects
Behvaiorl
What did skinner do ✅· A form of learning in which a voluntary response is
strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences
O Conducted on lab rats teaching reinforcement and that if u hit a button it will release a
treat to teach them to hit to lever
What did albert bandura do ✅· Studying observable behavior and environmental
stimuli
· The kids more abusive when they see videos and stuff of violence
Assimilation ✅process in which people understand an experience in terms of current
stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
Accommodation ✅changes in existing ways of thinking in response to encounters with
new stimuli or events
Humanistic ✅o maintains that individuals have the ability and motivation to reach
advanced levels of maturity and that people naturally seek to reach their full potential
Contectual persprective ✅o The theory that considers the relationship between
individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds
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