NUR 250 Patho Exam 1 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 250
Institution
NUR 250
Acute Gastritis etiology - Infection-induced Usually due to H. Pylori -Drug-induced - E.g., nsaids, steroids, some chemotherapeutic drugs, alcohol, and iron supplements - Ulcerohemorrhagic - Occurs with critical illness; due to physiologic stress and ischemic changes caused by shock, hypotension, o...
NUR 250 Patho Exam 1 Study Questions
and Correct Answers
Acute Gastritis etiology ✅- Infection-induced Usually due to H. Pylori
-Drug-induced - E.g., nsaids, steroids, some chemotherapeutic drugs, alcohol, and iron
supplements
- Ulcerohemorrhagic - Occurs with critical illness; due to physiologic stress and ischemic
changes caused by shock, hypotension, or release of vasoactive substances
Acute Gastritis Pathogenesis ✅-Acute imbalance between mucosal injury and repair
mechanisms
-Development of mucosal hyperemia and erosive changes with histologic presence of
inflammation
Chronic gastritis etiology ✅-Infection-induced - Usually due to H. Pylori
-Chemical and caustic agents (e.g., nsaids, excessive alcohol ingestion, radiation
exposure)
Autoimmune disease (e.g., Crohn disease, Wegener granulomatosis, and sarcoidosis)
Chronic Gastritis Pathogenesis ✅-Begins with superficial gastritis
-Progresses to atrophic gastritis
-Advances to gastric atrophy
-Gastric glandular structures are lost and/or converted to intestinal phenotypes
(metaplasia)
-Gastric atrophy is precursor to gastric cancer
Acute and Chronic Gastritis Clinical Manifestations ✅-Most often asymptomatic or
report mild dyspepsia
-Underlying condition may mask symptoms
-Potential symptoms may include abdominal pain or upset, burning sensation in chest or
upper abdomen, feeling of fullness, bloating, belching, and reflux
-More severe symptoms include, nausea, vomiting, GI bleeding, fever, and weight loss
Acute Gastritis Treatment ✅-Elimination of causative agent or exacerbating factors
-Eradication of H. Pylori infection if indicated
-Medications to treat dyspepsia (e.g., protein pump inhibitor [PPI] or histamine blocker)
-Surgical intervention for GI bleeding
Chronic Gastritis Treatment ✅-Elimination of causative agent or exacerbating factors
-Eradication of H. Pylori infection if indicated
-Medications to enhance protection of gastric mucosa (e.g., sucralfate and misoprostol)
-Acupuncture
-Surgical intervention for GI bleeding
, Duodenal Ulcer etiology ✅-Infection with H. Pylori and chronic use of nsaids that inhibit
cyclooxygenase - 1 (COX-1)
-genetic factor present
-stress- related onset
Who tends to develop Duodenal ulcers? ✅-younger people and people with O type
blood
Duodenal Ulcer clinical manifestations ✅-chronic intermittent pain in epigastric area,
located in upper abdomen
-pain begins 2-3 hrs after eating when the stomach is empty
-pain is typically in middle of night and disappear by morning
-pain relieved by ingestion of food
-heals more quickly than gastric ulcers
-pattern of remission and exacerbation for years
Duodenal Ulcer evaluation ✅-Endoscopic evaluation allows visualization of lesions and
biopsy
-Radioimmune assays of gastrin levels are evaluated to identify ulcers associated with
gastric carcinomas
Duodenal Ulcer Treatment ✅1) relieving the causes and effects of hyperacidity;
2) administering antacids and drugs that suppress acid secretion and
3) preventing complications
-H. Pylori is treated with a combination of antibiotics
What contributes to Duodenal Ulcer formation? (8) ✅1. Serum gastric levels remain
high longer than normal after eating and continue to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric
acid and pepsin
2. There is a failure of the feedback mechanism in which acid in the gastric antrum
inhibits gastrin release
3. Rapid gastric emptying overwhelms the buffering capacity of the bicarbonate-rich
pancreatic secretions
4. H. Pylori is associated with death of mucosal epithelial cells and elevated levels of
gastrin and pepsinogen
5. H. Pylori releases toxins and enzymes that promote inflammation and ulceration
6. Use of nsaids inhibits the action of COX-1, resulting in the inhibition of prostaglandins
and consequent reduced maintenance of the mucosal barrier as well as decreased
bicarbonate secretion
7. Cigarette smoking stimulates acid production
8. The mass of gastric parietal (acid-secreting) cells increases
Gastric Ulcers etiology ✅Use of nsaids and H. Pylori infection are major causes
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