Midterm Pathophysiology WCU Exam Study
Guide.
Etiology - answercause & reason behind the disease
Idiopathic - answercause is unknown
Iatrogenic - answermedically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused b...
Etiology - answer✔cause & reason behind the disease
Idiopathic - answer✔cause is unknown
Iatrogenic - answer✔medically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused by medication
Risk factor - answer✔A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease
Pathogenesis - answer✔Development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to ultimate
expression of manifesting of disease
Symptoms - answer✔subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
Signs - answer✔Objective or observed manifestation of disease
Syndrome - answer✔a set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to delineate a disease and
occur together
Latent period - answer✔time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and FIRST
appearance of signs/or symptoms
Prodomal period - answer✔time during which first signs and/or symptoms appear or onset of
disease occurs
Latent period (2) - answer✔Also refers to a period during an illness when signs/symptoms
temporarily become mild or silent
Subclinical stage - answer✔patient functions normally; disease processes are well established.
Acute clinical course - answer✔short-lived; may have severe manifestation
Chronic clinical course - answer✔may last months to years, sometimes following an acute
course
Illness and disease do not? - answer✔Always coexist. Illness is the symptomatic and debilitating
stage of a disease.
-Lytic - answer✔break down of the clot.
Syphilis - answer✔Can occur between latent & prodromal period and between prodromal and
latent period.
Remission - answer✔decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate disease is cured.
Exacerbation - answer✔increase in severity,signs, or symptoms
Sequela - answer✔Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute illness.
EX: placing a cast on someone then removing it and results in joint stiffness
Statistical normality - answer✔estimate of diseases in a normal population, based on bell shape
curve
Reliability - answer✔Test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements
Validity - answer✔degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to
measure
Predictive value - answer✔-Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or absence
of a persons condition.
-A test.
Sensitivity - answer✔probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a
particular condition.
-A true positive
Specificity - answer✔Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without a
particular condition
-A true negative
Gender differences - answer✔relevant in both in health and disease
EX: hemoglobin, sex & growth hormones
Situational differences - answer✔determine whether a derivation from normal should be
considered abnormal or an adaptation mechanism.
EX: RBC's count increases when a person moves to a high altitude.
Time variations - answer✔may impact how the body responds from day to night or at varying
times.
EX: hormones & body temp are higher in the AM
Growth hormones released while sleeping
Epidemiology - answer✔study of the patterns of disease involving populations
Endemic disease - answer✔native to a local region
Epidemic disease - answer✔Spread to many people at the same time
EX: SARS
Pandemic disease - answer✔spread to large geographic results
Factors affecting patterns of disease - answer✔-Age
-Ethnic group
-Gender
-Socioeconomic factors/lifestyle considerations
-Geographic location
Primary Prevention - answer✔altering susceptibility, reducing exposure for susceptible persons
EX: public places, saying no to drugs & abstinence from sex
Secondary - answer✔early detection, screening and management of disease
EX: pap smear
Tertiary - answer✔rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective
functioning following disease
EX: treatment
Homeostasis - answer✔a state in which all symptoms are in balance at the ideal "set point"
despite alterations within the body
Homeostatic response - answer✔mechanistic, predictable series of orchestrated internal events.
Most homeostatic mechanisms function on a negative-feedback principle, which facilitates
steady-state stability.
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