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ENGR 482 Exam 1 With Complete Solution
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ENGR 482 Exam 1 WithComplete Solution
Deontology - ANSWER Another word for duty ethics
T/F: A conceptual issue is a question about the meaning of a term. - ANSWER
True
T/F: Disputes over application issues often depend in part on underlying
factual issues, conceptual issues, or both. - ANSWER True
T/F: Addressing a relevant conceptual issue rarely lends clarity to a moral
discussion. - ANSWER False
A question about whether a particular situation is an instance of a given
concept is an _________ issue. - ANSWER Application
T/F: Conceptual issues should always be resolved by consulting a dictionary
definition. - ANSWER False
Two points about factual issues. - ANSWER 1. They can be relevant to a moral
problem
2. They can be unknown or controversial
T/F: Often, apparent moral disagreements turn out to be disagreements over
relevant facts. - ANSWER True
T/F: The steps taken to resolve a moral agreement usually don't depend on
the specifics of the issue. - ANSWER False
Important distinctions in utilitarianism - ANSWER 1. Act vs rule utilitarianism
,2. Expected vs actual consequences
3. Particular acts vs act types
T/F: According to the utilitarian calculus, the consequences that an action
poses to future generations can outweigh those facing individuals in the
present time. - ANSWER True
How might a utilitarian respond to a situation in which one is faced with a
choice to tell a lie? - ANSWER If the consequences of the lie are on the whole
better than those of telling the truth, then lying is the right course of action.
What is the essential determiner of moral value for utilitarians? - ANSWER
Sentience or self-consciousness
T/F: Most contemporary utilitarians think act types, rather than particular
acts, should be evaluated morally. - ANSWER False
T/F: Classic hedonistic act utilitarianism holds that only happiness is good for
its own sake and that acts are right insofar as no alternative act could bring
about more of this good. - ANSWER True
Although Bentham and Mill discussed happiness extensively, they never
indicated procedures for how to measure or calculate pleasure and pain. -
ANSWER False
What is true of preference utilitarianism? - ANSWER 1. There will always be
cases in which the satisfaction of preferences will not maximize overall
happiness
2. What makes something good is the fact that other people's preferences
are satisfied
, 3. Some preference utilitarians restrict moral correctness to "fully-informed"
preferences
T/F: Kant believed that persons should rely on their emotions in order to
develop a sense of duty. - ANSWER False
T/F: According to Kantian ethics, an act has moral value when the will is
perfectly aligned with duty. - ANSWER True
According to Kantian ethics, morality is based on what? - ANSWER The purity
of the will
In Kant's terminology, the word 'will' means what? - ANSWER A faculty that
animates our bodily actions
T/F: Kant believed that fundamental moral principles must be fluid to
respond to the different situations people encounter. - ANSWER False
What is true of a maxim? - ANSWER 1. It is related to the individual
(subjective)
2. It should not admit any situational exceptions
3. It can be used to justify/govern one's actions
T/F: A good will is motivated by duty alone, not self-interest, moods, or
appetites. - ANSWER True
T/F: The will cannot be trained to overcome one's inclinations, such as envy
or greed. - ANSWER False
T/F: A maxim can contradict the categorical imperative while at the same
time be consistent with reason. - ANSWER False
T/F: A maxim is a universal principle that governs action. - ANSWER False
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