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BIS 2B Final Exam (ALL MATERIAL) exam study guide correct and verified 100%BIS 2B Final Exam (ALL MATERIAL) exam study guide correct and verified 100%BIS 2B Final Exam (ALL MATERIAL) exam study guide correct and verified 100%BIS 2B Final Exam (ALL MATERIAL) exam study guide correct and verified 100...

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  • October 1, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIS 2B Final Exam (ALL MATERIAL) exam
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study guide correct and verified 100%
jj jj jj jj jj




ecologyjj-jjstudyjjofjjorganismsjj+jjphysicaljjenvironment,jjorganismsjj+jjorganisms

evolutionjj-jjchangejjoverjjtimejjinjjthejjpropertiesjjofjjpopulations

assumptionjjofjjtotaljjnumberjjofjjspeciesjj-jj-jj1.8jjmillionjjdescribed/identified

-jj5jjtojj100jjmillionjjestimated

-
jjthroughjjextrapolatingjjofjjknownjjinfojj(florajjandjjfaunajjinjjGreatjjBritain):jj4.9jjmillionjjinsects,jjmaybejj10jjmilli

onjjspeciesjjtotal

TerryjjIrwinjj-
jjsampledjjspeciesjjofjjbeetlesjjinjjajjcertainjjtropicaljjforestjjtree;jjcamejjtojjthejjconclusionjjofjj30jjmillionjjtropicaljj

arthropodjjspecies;jjcalculationjjwasjjcompletelyjjwrongjjbutjjisjjtestablejjandjjcanjjbejjrefined

species-areajjrelationshipjj-jjSjj=jjcA^z



S:jjnumberjjofjjspecies

c:jjconstantjjdependingjjonjjtaxonomicjjgroup

A:jjarea

z:jjconstantjjdeterminingjjshapejjandjjslopejjofjjthejjcurve

threatsjjtojjbiodiversityjj-jj-jjhabitatjjalterationjjandjjdestruction

-jjharvesting,jjfishing

-jjclimatejjchange

-jjintroducedjjspecies

biodiversityjjhotspotjj-jjmanyjjendemicjjspeciesjj(don'tjjoccurjjanywherejjelse)

morphologicaljjspeciesjj-jjgroupedjjbasedjjonjjsimilarjjphysicaljjappearance

PROS:

-jjpractical

-jjsimple

-jjreflectsjjevolutionjj(sharedjjgenes)

,CONS:

-jjgeneticjjvariationjjwithinjjpopulations

-jjchangesjjduejjtojjthejjenvironmentjj(plasticity)

-jjsomejjspeciesjjcanjjhavejjsimilarjjphysicaljjtraitsjjbutjjhavejjveryjjseparatejjevolutionaryjjhistories

biologicaljjspeciesjj-jjgroupsjjofjjindividualsjjactuallyjjorjjpotentiallyjjcapablejjofjjreproducingjjfertilejjoffspring

PROS:

-jjclearjjbiojj/jjevolutionaryjjmeaning

CONS:

-jjdifficultjjtojjapplyjjinjjpractice

phylogeneticjjspeciesjj-jjsimilaritiesjjinjjphylogeny,jjbutjjDNAjjcanjjbejjconsideredjjmorphology

climatejj-jjavg.jjandjjannualjjvariationjjinjjtemp.jjandjjprecipitationjjinjjajjgivenjjregionjjoverjjajjlongjjperiodjjofjjtime

-
jjaffectsjjtypejjofjjvegetationjjwhichjjaffectsjjwhichjjtypesjjofjjanimalsjjthatjjlivejjtherejj(formationjjofjjdifferentjjbio

mes)

factorsjjdeterminingjjclimatejj/jjHadleyjjcelljjpatternsjj-jj1.jjsolarjjradiation

2.jjairjjcirculation

-jjdrivenjjbyjjsolarjjradiationjjandjjearth'sjjrotation

-jjsunlightjjstrikesjjequatorjjintenselyjjandjjasjjyoujjmovejjawayjjyoujjgetjjlessjjheat

-jjairjjrisesjjinjjheatedjjareas,jjcoolsjjasjjitjjrises,jjcooljjairjjholdsjjlessjjmoisturejj-->jjprecipitation

-
jjasjjwarmjjairjjrises,jjitjjdisplacesjjairjjtojjthejjnorthjjandjjsouth,jjwhichjjgetsjjveryjjdryjjduejjtojjthejjhighjjaltitudejjandj

jthejjheavyjjprecipitationjjinjjwarmjjareas,jjsojjdesertsjjformjjatjj30degjjNjjandjjS



surfacejjwindjjpatternsjj/jjCoriolisjjforcejj-jjresultjjofjjmovingjjairjjorjjwaterjjmassesjjduejjtojjearth'sjjspin

-jjwindsjjdeflectedjjtojjthejjLjjinjjSjjhemisphere,jjtojjthejjRjjinjjNjjhemisphere

-
jjourjjweatherjjpatternsjjinjjNjjhemispherejjgenerallyjjcomejjfromjjwesterlies,jjwhichjjaffectjjrainshadowjjduejjtojjt

hejjmountainjjrangesjjonjjthejjwestjjcoast

ITCZjj-jjintertropicaljjconvergencejjzonejjwherejjthejjNjjandjjSjjHadleyjjcellsjjmeet;jjzonejjofjjmaxjjheating

-
jjmovesjjtojjdifferentjjlatitudes,jjmeaningjjdiffjjareasjjofjjthejjearthjjreceivejjthejjmaxjjradiationjjfromjjthejjsunjjatjjdi

ffjjtimesjjofjjthejjyear

-jjduringjjthejjequinoxesjj(spring,jjfall)jjthejjITCZjjisjjclosestjjtojjthejjequator

, -
jjduringjjthejjsummerjjsolstice,jjthejjsunjjisjjhittingjjmostjjdirectlyjjinjjthejjNjjhemispherejjsojjthejjITCZjjisjjfartherjjnor

th

-
jjduringjjthejjwinterjjsolstice,jjthejjsunjjisjjhittingjjmostjjdirectlyjjinjjthejjSjjhemispherejjsojjthejjITCZjjisjjfartherjjsouth



-
jjITCZjjalignsjjwithjjareasjjofjjmassjjrainfalljjsurroundedjjbyjjdesertsjj(whenjjreferringjjtojjmapsjjshowingjjprecipitati

onjjlevels)

rainshadowjj-
jjthejjwindwardjjsidejjhasjjwarm,jjmoistjjairjjwhichjjcoolsjjandjjcondensesjjasjjitjjrisesjjandjjthejjleewardjjsidejjhasjjth

ejjdryjjsinkingjjair

Wallace'sjjlinejj-
jjbioticjjinterchange;jjdividesjjthejjbiodiversityjjandjjtypesjjofjjspeciesjjpresentjjinjjAsiajjandjjAustralia



functionaljjdiversityjj-jjadaptationsjjofjjorganismsjjtojjtheirjjenvironment

tradejjoffjj-jjrelationshipjjbetweenjjthejjbenefitsjjofjjajjtraitjjinjjonejjcontextjjandjjitsjjcostsjjinjjanother

principlejjofjjallocationjj-jjalljjlifejjfunctionsjjcannotjjbejjsimultaneouslyjjmaximized;jjallocationjjdecisions--
howjjorganismsjjusejjtheirjjavailablejjresources

whatjjresourcesjjdojjorganismsjjneed?jj-jj-jjcarbon,jjoxygen,jjnitrogenjjforjjbiomass

-jjnitrogen,jjphosphorous,jjotherjjmacrojjandjjmicronutrientsjjforjjmetabolicjjmachinery

-jjenergyjjforjjrunningjjbodilyjjfunctions

- waterjjtojjcarryjjoutjjbiologicaljjreactions
jj jj



autotrophsjj-jjcanjjlivejjexclusivelyjjonjjinorganicjjsourcesjjofjjC,jjN,jjandjjotherjjessentialjjnutrients

-jjphotoautotrophsjjusejjlightjjenergy

heterotrophsjj-
jjusejjpreformedjjorganicjjmoleculesjjasjjfoodjj(sourcejjofjjC,jjN,jjenergy,jjandjjotherjjessentialjjresources)--

don'tjjnecessarilyjjhavejjtojjeatjjotherjjorganisms

photosynthesisjj-jjcarbonjjdioxidejj+jjwaterjj=jjsugarjj+jjoxygen

respirationjj-jjsugarjj+jjoxygenjj=jjcarbonjjdioxidejj+jjwater

measuringjjgrossjjphotosynthesisjj-jjoxygenjjproductionjjorjjCO2jjuptake

-jjlightjjvsjjdarkjjplant

-jjnetjjphotosynthesisjjmustjjaccountjjforjjrespiration

chlorophylljjajj-jjprimaryjjlightjjharvestingjjpigmentjjofjjgreenjjplants

howjjdojjplantsjjobtainjjnutrients?jj-jjterrestrialjjplantsjjrelyjjonjjthejjsoiljjorjjcanjjgetjjhelpjjfromjjbacteriajjandjjfungi

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