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PHARMACOLOGY (Endo) PROBLEM SETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE RATED A CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
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PHARMACOLOGY (Endo) PROBLEM SETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE RATED A CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
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PHARMACOLOGY (Endo) PROBLEM SETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSCOMPLETE RATED A CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
Problem Set 1: En-
docrine and Pituitary
1. The majority of hor- answer is C
mones secreted by - 8 hormones produced and released by the hypo-
the hypothalamus af- thalamus
fect what structure? - 6 of them regulate the anterior pituitary
- 2 are released into capillaries in the posterior pitu-
A. Kidneys itary
B. Pineal gland - out of the 6 of the anterior pituitary, 4 of them
C. Anterior pituitary stimulate it (TRH, CRH, GnRH, and GHRH) and 2 of
D. Posterior pituitary them inhibit it (PIH and somatostatin)
E. Liver
D is wrong
- 2 of the 8 regulate the posterior pituitary which
include oxytocin and ADH
2. The pineal gland answer is E
secretes what hor- - pineal gland - back of the diencephalon
mone? - secretes melatonin - has the primary control of our
circadian rhythm
A. Oxytocin
B. ADH A and B are wrong
C. GnRH - ADH and oxytocin are released by the posterior
D. Erythropoietin pituitary
E. Melatonin
C is wrong
- GnrH - released by the anterior pituitary and stimu-
lates LH and FSH release
- if you inhibit GnRH then you do not get the release
of LH or FSH and then you not get estrogen or
progesterone then you will get hypogonadism
- hypogonadism and infertility are the result of inhibi-
tion of GnRH release
D is wrong
- erythropoietin is released by the kidneys (85%) and
the liver (15%)
, PHARMACOLOGY (Endo) PROBLEM SETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
COMPLETE RATED A CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
3. Vitamin D synthesis answer is A
is completed in what - kidneys play a role in production of 3 hormones:
structure? 1) convert calcidiol to calcitriol, the active form of
vitamin D (Increases Ca2+ absorption by intestine
A. Kidneys and inhibits loss in the urine - important into bone
B. Pineal gland health and neurons)
C. Anterior pituitary 2) secrete renin that converts angiotensinogen to
D. Posterior pituitary angiotensin I then into angiotensin II (regulates BP)
E. Liver 3) produces 85% of erythropoietin (stimulates bone
marrow to produce RBCs to prevent anemia and
carrying enough oxygen in our blood)
B is wrong
- pineal gland produces melatonin from serotonin
C is wrong
- TRH, CRH, GnRH, and GHRH are releasing hor-
mones that promote anterior pituitary secretion
- PIH inhibits secretion of prolactin
- somatostatin inhibits secretion by the anterior pitu-
itary - it inhibits secretion of human growth hormone
D is wrong
- oxytocin and ADH are both stored and released by
posterior pituitary
4. Osteocalcin is which answer is C
type of hormone? - osteocalcin is a peptide hormone
- it is secreted by osteoblasts (are the cells in our
A. Steroid bone that make bone)
B. Monoamine - increases insulin production and sensitivity
C. Peptide
5. Which drug would be answer is C
used to help maintain - somatropin - 1911 amino acid protein identical to
body mass during hGH
treatment for HIV? - man made growth hormone that increases muscle
mass and reduces adiposity
A. Octreotide
, PHARMACOLOGY (Endo) PROBLEM SETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
COMPLETE RATED A CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
B. Pegvisomant A is wrong
C. Somatropin - octreotide - a 14 AA peptide that inhibits the release
D. Leuprolide of GH, TSH, glucagon, insulin, and gastrin
E. Bromocriptine - a long acting analog of somatostatin (anterior pitu-
itary antagonist)
- inhibits GH secretion and reduces GH levels
B is wrong
- pegvisomant - GH receptor antagonists
- binds to the GH receptor but does not activate
downstream signaling
- used for treatment of acromegaly
D is wrong
- leuprolide - GnRH receptor agonists
- also includes goserelin, histrelin, nafarelin, and trip-
torelin
- these drugs are more potent and longer-lasting than
GnRH
GnRH - secreted by hypthalamus
- stimulates gonadotroph cells to produce and re-
lease LH and FSH from the pituitary, resulting in
hypogonadism (the condition of deficient secretion of
hormones by the sex glands)
E is wrong
- bromocriptine - dopamine receptor agonists
- can be used to treat acromegaly
- used primary for the treatment of hyperpro-
lactinemia, but reduces GH release in patients with
acromegaly.
- doses required for acromegaly are higher than dos-
es required for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia.
6. Octreotide mimics answer is D
a hormone released - octreotide - a long-acting analog of somatostatin
from which struc- - somatostatin - secreted from the hypothalamus -
ture?
, PHARMACOLOGY (Endo) PROBLEM SETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
COMPLETE RATED A CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
inhibits secretion by the anterior pituitary
A. Anterior pituitary - inhibits GH secretion and reduces GH levels
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Pineal gland
D. Hypothalamus
E. Adrenal gland
7. Which drug blocks answer is B
the effects of GH ex- - pegivsomant - GH receptor antagonist
cess without altering - binds to the GH receptor, but does not activate
GH expression? downstream signaling
A. Octreotide A is wrong
B. Pegvisomant - octreotide - analog of somatostatin - inhibits GH
C. Somatropin secretion and reduces its levels
D. Leuprolide
E. Bromocriptine D is wrong
- leuprolide - GnRH receptor agonists
E is wrong
- bromocriptine - a dopamine agonists for the treat-
ment of hyperprolactinemia but reduces GH release
in patients with acromegaly
8. Which drug would be answer is E
used to treat unwant- -bromocriptine and cabergoline are high affinity
ed lactation that is dopamine D2 receptor agonists - treatment of hyper-
not associated with prolactinemia
pregnancy or child- - these drugs shrink prolactinomas, lower circulat-
birth? ing prolactin levels, and restore ovulation in some
women.
A. Octreotide - can be used for the treatment of acromegaly.
B. Pegvisomant - side effects include nausea, orthostatic hypoten-
C. Somatropin sion, psychiatric manifestations, pulmonary infil-
D. Leuprolide trates
E. Bromocriptine
9. On-and-off dosing of
GnRH would result in
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