Exam (elaborations)
NFDN 2005 UNIT 1-4 MIDTERM exam with verified solutions
- Course
- Institution
NFDN 2005 UNIT 1-4 MIDTERM exam with verified solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
NFDN 2005 UNIT 1-4MIDTERM exam with verified
solutions
Growth - answer a quantitative change that can be measured
- Ex: weight, height, head circumference, body proportion, body systems
Development - answer a qualitative change in skill or ability
- Ex: learning to tie shoes or building a block tower
Denver II Test - answer a test for screening cognitive and behavioral
problems in preschool children
- A subject's performance against the regular age distribution is noted
Four categories:
1. Social contact
2. Fine motor skill - using smaller muscles (holding a pen)
3. Language
4. Gross motor skills - using larger muscles (kicking a ball)
Principles of Growth and Development - answer - Continuous processes
- Progress in an orderly sequence
- Different children pass through the predictable stages at different rates
- Different body systems, different development rates
- Cephalocaudal (starts at the top and works its way down)
,Factors That Influence Growth and Development - answer - Genetics
- Gender
- Health & Nutrition
- Family interactions
- Intelligence
- Temperature (reaction patterns)
Erikson's Theory of Psychological Development - answer examines how
children interact with others - importance of culture and society
- Stage 1 (infancy) = trust vs. mistrust
- Stage 2 (toddlers) = autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- Stage 3 (preschoolers) = initiative vs. guilt
- Stage 4 (school-age) = industry vs. inferiority
- Stage 5 (adolescent) = identity vs. role confusion
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - answer examines how
children grow cognitively
- Stage 1 (infancy) = sensorimotor stage
- Stage 2 (toddlers/preschoolers) = preoperational thought
- Stage 3 (school-age) = concrete operational thought
- Stage 4 (adolescent) = formal operational thought (abstract thinking)
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - answer examines how children
develop a sense of right and wrong
- Level 1 (preschoolers or under) = preconventional level
- Level 2 (preschoolers to school-age) = conventional level
- Level 3 (adolescents) = postconventional level
,Infant - answer - Physical Development
· Begins before birth
· Birth weight doubled by 6 months and tripled by a year
· Head control is achieved by 4 months
· Fontanelles close at 3-6 months (posterior) and 12-18 months (anterior)
· Sitting up at 8 months
· Crawling at 9 months
- Cognitive Development
· Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson's)
· Sensorimotor stage (Piaget's)
· Develop a sense of object permanence
· Explore the world through their mouths
- Play
· Infants don't have a good pincer grasp until 10 months
· Can handle larger toys
· Teething rings helpful for teething infants
· Likes toys that provide sensory stimulation (toys that make noise, black
& white or bright colors due to poor vision)
- Nutrition
· Breastfeed or bottle-feed
· Growth should be constant
· Child should follow same percentile
· Additional source of iron is required after 6 months (fortified cereal is
high in iron)
· Breast/bottle feed should continue until. 1 years old
- Safety
· Household safety - clean, cords
· Water safety - only takes 1 inch to drown an infant
· Electrical safety - covers on electrical outlets
· Falls - never leave infant unattended
, · SIDS
Toddlers - answer - Physical Growth
· Walking
· Talking - 2-word sentences by age 2
· Potbelly appearance
· Lordosis (change in center of gravity)
· Toilet-training - 2.5-3 years
- Cognitive Development
· Negativity is common (favourite word is no)
· Want to have more choices
· Tantrums are common
· Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (Erikson)
· Preoperational stage (Piaget)
·Stranger/separation anxiety is common
- Nutrition
· Appetite decreases after 1 years old
· Homo milk should be given until 2 years - extra fat required for proper
brain development
· Food refusal is common
· Parents should offer variety of food
· Small meals and snack
· Children will self-regulate their own intake
- Play
· Engage in parallel play (play in same room with different toys, not
together)
· Not able to share yet
· Like toys that promote physical activity
· Use deferred imitative skills
· Like to stack things and put things into other things
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BRAINBOOSTERS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $18.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now