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NFDN 2005 Midterm (Units 1-4) exam with verified solutions.
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NFDN 2005 Midterm (Units 1-4) exam with verified solutions.
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NFDN 2005 Midterm (Units 1-4) exam with verified
solutions
growth - answer increase in number of cells as they divide
development - answer the process of change that occurs during an
organism's life to produce a more complex organism
maturation - answer biological growth processes that enable orderly
changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
Differentiation - answer process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
Cephalocaudal - answer head to toe
gross to fine - answer general trend for large muscle movement
acquisition with progression to small muscle skill acquisition
growth and development influences - answer •Gender
•Nutrition
•Temperament
•Genetics
•Socioeconomic
•Environment Hazards
•Mass media
•Parent-child relationship
•Ordinal Position
,•Stresses in childhood
nutrition - answer most important influence on growth and development?
Erikson: Phychosocial Development - answer •Trust vs Mistrust
•Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
•Initiative vs Guilt
•Industry vs Inferiority
•Identity vs Role Confusion
Trust vs. Mistrust - answer Erikson's first stage during the first year of life,
infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm
manner. Birth to 1 year.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - answer Erikson's stage in which a
toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to
do so causes shame and doubt. 1 to 3 years.
Initiative vs. Guilt - answer Erikson's third stage in which the child finds
independence in planning, playing and other activities. 3 to 6 years.
Industry vs. Inferiority - answer Erikson's stage between 6 and 12 years,
when the child learns to be productive
identity vs. role confusion - answer Erikson's stage during which
teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves. 12 to
18 years.
Piaget Cognitive Development - answer children know/look at things
differently than adults. Children develop in a series of stages.
sensorimotor stage - answer in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to
about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms
of their sensory impressions and motor activities
,preoperational stage - answer in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2
to 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not
yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
concrete operational stage - answer in Piaget's theory, the stage of
cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which
children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events
formal operational stage - answer in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (normally beginning about age 12 to 15 years) during which
people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Kohlberg's stages of moral development - answer preconventional,
conventional, postconventional
preconventional level - answer earliest level of moral development; at this
level, self-interest and event outcomes determine what is moral
conventional level - answer middle stage of moral development; at this
level, strict adherence to societal rules and the approval of others
determine what is moral
post conventional level - answer highest stage of moral development; at
this level, decisions about morality depend on abstract principles and the
value of all life
Role of Play in Development - answer •Can learn what cannot be taught
•Learn about world
•Objects, time, space, structure, and people.
•How they operate within that environment
•This is the child's "work"
, infant nutritional needs - answer •breast (is better), formula till about six
months of age
Toddler nutritional needs - answer •appetite decreases about age 1, homo
milk, softer, smaller bite sized foods
adolescents nutritional needs - answer diets are influenced, iron
deficiency (menstruation)
Important nutrients - answer •Calcium
•Iron
•Phosphorus Healthy fats
•Carbohydrates
•Vitamin C
•Vitamin D
•B vitamins
•Protein
purpose of calcium - answer bones and teeth development
purpose of iron - answer RBC production
purpose of phosphorus - answer bone and teeth development, brain,
hormones
purpose of carbohydrates - answer main source of energy for living things
purpose of vitamin c - answer collagen development
purpose of vitamin d - answer helps calcium be absorbed
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