HTHSCI 1H06A- Human Anatomy and
Physiology I COMPREHENSIVE Midterm
exam review new update (lectures 01-10)
McMaster University
,anatomy - --the study of the structure of the body
physiology - --the study of how the body and its parts work or function
anatomical position - --To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward
supine - --lying on the back
prone - --lying face down
coronal plane - --divides the body into posterior and anterior halves
sagittal plane - --divides body into left and right halves
parasagittal plane - --Divides body into unequal right and left halves
midsagittal plane - --divides the body into equal right and left halves
transverse plane - --horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
superior (cranial or cephalic) - --toward the head or upper part of a structure
inferior (caudal) - --towards the foot or lower part of a structure
,anterior (ventral) - --nearer to or at the front end of the body
posterior (dorsal) - --nearer to or at the back of the body
deep - --toward the interior or inside of the body
superficial - --towards the surface or outside of the body
medial - --nearer to or at the midline of the body
lateral - --nearer to or at the side of the body
proximal - --nearer to the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure
distal - --nearer to the far end or point of a limb/structure
extension - --movement that increases the angle between body parts
flexion - --movement that decreases the angle between body parts
Abdominal Regions - --Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac
right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
, Thoracic landmarks - --ribs and intercostal spaces
cranial cavity - --cavity that contains the brain and spinal cord
pericardial cavity - --body cavity that contains the heart
peritoneal cavity - --cavity containing the abdominopelvic organs (GI and reproductive)
pleural cavity - --contains the lungs
parietal layer - --layer lining the internal surface of the body wall
visceral layer - --layer covering the external surface of organs
serous membrane - --a thin membrane composed of a single layer of epithelial cells that lines
the parietal and visceral layers, secreting a small amount of slippery serous fluid
potential space - --area between the visceral and parietal layers that has the potential to be
filled with fluid, blood, or air
Bones of the axial skeleton - --skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae (including sacrum and coccyx)
Bones of the upper limb of the appendicular skeleton - --scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius,
ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges
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