Main Objective of the Measure State - answer-Main Objective of the Measure State:
1) Data gathering to complete project.
2) Team defines each relevant process in great detail.
3) Group of metrics for the process is developed
4) Measurement analysis is conducted to identify and quantify any ...
Main Objective of the Measure State - answer-Main Objective of the Measure State:
1) Data gathering to complete project.
2) Team defines each relevant process in great detail.
3) Group of metrics for the process is developed
4) Measurement analysis is conducted to identify and quantify any common errors in the metric that is
selected.
5) Estimation of process baselines to determine a reasonable starting point.
Definition of Process Analysis and Documentation - answer-Definition of Process Analysis and
Documentation
1) Process= set of interrelated resources and activities that transform input into outputs with the
objective of adding value.
2) Activities within any process should be documented and controlled
Two key advantages of Process Mapping - answer-Two key advantages of Process Mapping:
1) Depicts process using symbols, arrow, and words without the clutter of sentences
2) Can be used outline new procedures
3) Can be used to review old procedures for viability and thoroughness
4 Tools in Process Analysis and Documentation - answer-4 Tools in Process Analysis and Documentation:
1) Flow charts
2) Process Maps
3) Written Procedures
4) Work Instructions
What are Process Maps and Flowcharts Used for? - answer-What are Process Maps and Flowcharts Used
for?
1) Provide a visual depiction of their process information for customers and suppliers (SIPOC)
2) Serves as the first step in improving process when used in conjunction with FMEA and value stream
mapping.
What is the difference between process map and flowchart? - answer-What is the difference between
process map and flowchart?
,1) Process maps = Broad perspective of problems/ opportunities for improvement; Provides additional
information about each step (Eg. cost, setup time, cycle time, inventory, types of defects); Can be used
to detect non-value-added steps and complexities.
2) Flowcharts = show each step in the process, decision points, inputs, and outputs.; creates a picture of
the actual steps in the process or system as it actually operates.
Flow charts = analytical tool for monitoring process over TIME; used for training operators and
supervisors.
Describe Process Definition - answer-Describe Process Definition
1) First step in Measure Stage= Create a comprehensive process level map of processes currently
performed.----aka. group describes all the activities that they plan to improve
2) Expert employee participation needed to create detailed process map because employees have a
different conception of process sequence than their superiors.
3) Employees, often , would have streamlined and modified process with notification of management--->
harmful to criticize or judge the customization made by employees------> best to focus on creating an
accurate process map.
Three types of Flow Charts - answer-Three types of Flow Charts:
Why are processes measured? - answer-Why are processes measured?
1) Process input variables are measured to control variation in output responses.
2) The effects of variations of input on output are explored using tools (eg. scatter diagrams, relationship
matrices, fishbone diagram)
3) Through understanding of process inputs and outputs is key to step for process improvements.
Describe the importance of identifying key decision points during Measure stage - answer-Describe the
importance of identifying key decision points during Measure stage
1) After creating a process map, must identify the important decision made during the process.
2) Team members are alert to areas of inefficiency, requiring excess decision-making.
3) Team should try to reduce the number of decision made every time a process is performed.
4) Since process has not been measured, then all measurements must reflect the process as typically
performed----> to ensure proper targeting of improvement efforts.
,5) Team leaders communicate info to stakeholders.
How can a process inputs and outputs be identified? - answer-How can a process inputs and outputs be
identified?
1) Process can measured and improved by identifying its inputs and outputs
2) Process inputs can be quantified as raw materials, human resources, or some upstream process.
Process input requirements should be stated so key measures of input quality can be controlled.
3) Once process capabilities are known, output measures can be used to determine whether the process
has remained in control.
Tools for documenting process inputs and outputs ? - answer-Tools for documenting process inputs and
outputs ?
Role of Feedback in measuring process - answer-Role of Feedback in measuring process
1) Feedback from downstream process measurements can be used to improve upstream process
2) Interrelationships between organizational feedback system is the target for planned experimentation
for designing for six sigma
3) Designing for six sigma= the use of planned experimentation of isolate several process variables to
eliminates potential sources of error.
4 benefits of SIPOC - answer-3 benefits of SIPOC
1) Display of cross functional activities in single, simple diagram
2) "Big picture" perspective to which additional detail can be added
3) Framework applicable to either large organizations or smaller projects.
4) Quickly familiarizes the team with the process at the organizational levels and project scope.
Risk of using SIPOC - answer-Risk of using SIPOC
1) Making the diagram too detailed may details the focus of the sigma projects
2) Best to limit to 4-7 process blocks to keep clarity
Function of SIPOC - answer-Function of SIPOC
, 1) Identifies essential work flows and sources of variation in work over time
2) Captures key components of success from suppliers through internal processes and on to key
customers
3) Other tools (affinity diagrams, process mapping, flow charting) can be used to identify major blocs or
steps in the process/ system
Describe the use of enumerative statistics in process baseline estimation - answer-Describe the use of
enumerative statistics in process baseline estimation
1) In estimation of a process baseline, enumerative statistics used to evaluate random samples from
populations.
2) Enumerative statistics can determine whether samples represent the population, meaning that they
were drawn without bias.
3) Confience level intervals of 95% used.
4) Drawback of Enumerative Statistics----> they are drawn from static, unchanging population.--but Six
Sigma needs information from dynamic process and uses analytical statistics.
Use of Analytical statistics to estimation of process baseline - answer-Use of Analytical statistics to
estimation of process baseline
1) Analytical statics ---used to distinguish special and common cause variation in dynamic, moving
processes.
2) Statistical process control---operational defintion of special cause variation---notes the location and
level of variation.
Discuss the identification of process metrics during the Measure Stage - answer-Discuss the
identification of process metrics during the Measure Stage:
1) Factors critical to schedule (CTS) ----> impact project completion date
2) Factors critical to quality (CTQ) ---->Direct effect on the desired characteristics of the product/ service.
3) Factors Critical to Cost (CTC)----> impact materials, labor, delivery, overhead, inventory and/or cost to
the consumer of the good or service.
4) Metrics should be customer-focused and transparent; that is they should be objective
1) identifies areas of the process that raise the expense
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