ExamI2:INURSI615/INURS615I(LatestI2024
/I2025IUpdate)IAdvancedI
PharmacotherapeuticsICompleteIReviewI|Qs
I&IAs|I100%ICorrect|IGradeIAI(VerifiedI
Answers)
Q:IPhenelzineI(Nardil)IisIanIMAOIinhibitor.IWhatIareItheIcautionsIandIcontraindications?IH
owIisIitIusedItoItreatIrecalcitrantIdepression?
Answer:
•Contraindications
LiverIorIkidneyIdisease
Hypersensitivity
CongestiveIheartIfailureIorIarterioscleroticIdisease
AgeIoverI60Iyears
PregnancyIcategoryIC;IexcretedIinIbreastmilkIsafetyInotIestablishedI
NotIapprovedIforIuseIwithIchildrenI
PosturalIhypotensionIandIsuppressionIofImyocardialIpainImayIoccur.I
•MAOIsIexertItheirIeffectIbyIirreversiblyIinactivatingItheIenzymesIthatImetabolizeInorepinephr
ine,Iserotonin,IandIdopamine,ItherebyIincreasingItheIbioavailabilityIofItheseIneurotransmitters.
FUllI2IweeksItoIclearIfromIsystemIshouldIwaitIthatIlongItoIstartIaIdifferentItherapy
Q:IWhatIareItheIsymptomsIofIhypertensiveIcrisis?
Answer:
•MAOIsIinhibitItheImetabolismIofInorepinephrineIandIcanIcauseIhypertensiveIcrisis.IFoodsIhi
ghIinItyramineIshouldIbeIrestrictedIbecauseIofIthisIriskIasIwellIasItheyIareItheIprecursorItoIdo
pamine,Inorepinephrine,IandIepinephrine.I
,•TreatmentIofIhypertensiveIcrisisIneedsItoIbeImanagedIimmediately,IandItheIpatientIshouldIre
mainIstandingIuntilIitIis.IUsualItreatmentIisIphentolamineI(Regitine)I5mgIIVIandIthenI0.25mgI
toI0.5mgIIMIeveryI4ItoI6Ihours.I
•HypertensiveIcrisisIsymptomsIinclude:
HeadacheI
HeartIpalpitations
Stiff/soreIneck
ChestItightness
TachycardiaI
Sweating
DilatedIpupils
Q:IHowIlongIdoesIitItakeIforIselectiveIserotoninIreuptakeIinhibitorsItoIproduceIanIeffectIinI
patientsIwithIdepression?
Answer:
TheseIdrugsImayItakeIasIlongIasI2ItoI6weeksIuntilItheirIfullItherapeuticIbenefitsIbecomeIevide
ntIandItheIinitialIadverseIreactions,Icommonly,Inausea,IintermittentIlight-
headedness,Isedation,ImuscleIrestlessness,IandIsleepIdisruptions,IshouldIbeIminorIandItransient
.
Q:IWhenIareIbuspironeI(Buspar)IandIanISSRIIcombined?
Answer:
AlthoughIbuspironeIcanIusedIasItheIsoleIpharmacotherapeuticImodalityIforIanxiety,IitIisIfreque
ntlyIusedIadjunctivelyIwithISSRIsIinItreatment-
resistantIdepressionIbecauseIofItheIcombinedIserotonergicImechanisms,IthatIis,IpostsynapticIre
uptakeIinhibitionIandIreceptorIagonism.
, Q:IWhatItypeIofIdietIisIrecommendedIwithItheIadministrationIofIlithium?
Answer:
PatientsIshouldIensureIadequateIsaltIintakeIwhenItakingIlithium.
Q:IWhatIfactorsIwillIplaceItheIpatientIatIriskIforIantibioticIresistance?
Answer:
TheIleadingIriskIfactorsIforIhavingIaIdrugIresistantIpathogenIincludeIrecentIuseIofIantibiotics,I
ageIyoungerIthanI2IyearsIoldIorIolderIthanI65IyearsIold,Iday-
careIcenterIattendance,IexposureItoIyoungIchildren,ImultipleImedicalIcomorbidities,IrecentIhos
pitalization,IandIimmunosuppression.
Q:IWhatIfactorsIplaceItheIpatientIatIriskIforIhypersensitivityIreactionsIwithIpenicillinsIandIc
ephalosporins?
Answer:
AIhistoryIofIseriousIhypersensitivityIreactionI(e.g.,Ianaphylaxis,IserumIsickness,IexfoliativeIde
rmatitis,Ihemolysis,IorIotherIbloodIdyscrasia)ItoIaIpenicillinIcontraindicatesItheIuseIofIanyIpen
icillinIonIaccountIofIcrossIsensitivity.I
Severe,ItypeIIIallergicIreactionsItoIcephalosporins,Icarbapenems,IorIbeta-
lactamaseIinhibitorsImayIcontraindicateIuseIofIpenicillins.I
PatientIwithIaIhistoryIofIallergyItoIotherIsubstancesI(e.g.,IatopicIskinIconditions)IshouldIalsoIu
seItheseIdrugIwithIcaution.
Q:IWhatIareItheIsafestIantibioticsItoIprescribeItoIaIwomanIwhoIisIpregnant?
Answer:
IsoniazidsIareIpregnancyIcategoryIAIantibioticsIandIareIsafestIprescribeIinIpregnancy.
