NR 658 Final Exam Review study guide
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questions and answers correct and verif
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ListhfhthehfhfourhfhcomponentshfhofhfhahfhGIShfhandhfhputhfhahfhstarhfhnexthfhtohfhthehfhmosthfhimportanthfhcomponenthfh-
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ListhfhfourhfhthingshfhthathfhahfhGIShfhdoeshfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
enters,hfhstoreshfhandhfhdisplays,hfhmanipulates,hfhanalyzeshfhspatialhfhdata
whathfhishfhahfhmap?hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-ahfhcartographichfhrepresentationhfhofhfhahfhgeographichfhreality
Listhfhfourhfhcharacteristicshfhthathfhshouldhfhbehfhincludedhfhonhfhahfhmaphfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
location,hfhdistance,hfhlegend,hfhnorthhfharrow
Definehfhrasterhfhformathfhusinghfhbothhfhwordshfhandhfhpictureshfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Rasterhfhdatahfhishfhmadehfhuphfhofhfhahfhgridhfhofhfhequalhfhareahfhsquareshfhorhfhpixels.hfhIthfhishfheasyhfhtohfhmanipulatehf
hbuthfhtakeshfhuphfhahfhlothfhofhfhstoragehfhspace.hfhEx:hfhRasterhfhmaphfhofhfhahfhforestedhfharea.hfh(drawhfhahfhmaphfhmad
ehfhuphfhofhfhpixels,hfhshadedhfhoneshfharehfhforested,hfhaddhfhlegend.
Definehfhvectorhfhformathfhusinghfhbothhfhwordshfhandhfhpictureshfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Vectorhfhdatahfhishfhcomprisedhfhofhfhpoints,hfhlines,hfhandhfhpolygons.hfhIthfhishfhmorehfhcomplexhfhbuthfhmorehfhvisuall
yhfhpleasing.hfhEx:hfhvectorhfhmaphfhofhfhahfhforestedhfharea.hfh(drawhfhahfhmaphfhusinghfhpointshfhlineshfhandhfhpolygons
,hfhwithhfhlineshfhforhfhroads,hfhpointshfhforhfhbuildings,hfhandhfhpolygonshfhforhfhforestedhfhareas.
Definehfhthehfhconcepthfhofhfhtopologyhfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Topologyhfhishfhwhathfhishfhnexthfhtohfhwhathfhandhfhwhathfhishfhconnectedhfhtohfhwhat.hfhIthfhdefineshfhadjacencyhfhandhf
hconnectivityhfhofhfhfeatures.
Explainhfhusinghfhpictureshfhandhfhwordshfhhowhfhtopologyhfhishfhgeneratedhfhinhfhrasterhfhdata.hfh-
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TopologyhfhishfhimpliedhfhinhfhrasterhfhformathfhbecausehfhithfhuseshfhthehfhCartesianhfhcoordinatehfhsystem.hfhIthfhishfhe
asyhfhtohfhseehfhbothhfhonhfhthehfhmaphfhandhfhinhfhthehfhcoordinatehfhformhfhhowhfhpointshfharehfhrelatedhfhtohfhonehfhan
other.hfhYouhfhknowhfhthathfhpointhfh(2,2)hfhishfhrelatedhfhtohfhpointhfh(2,3)hfhbecausehfhofhfhthehfhcoordinatehfhnumber
s.hfh(Drawhfhahfhbasichfhrasterhfhmaphfhandhfhlabelhfhwithhfhahfhlegend)
Whathfhishfhthehfhpurposehfhofhfhhavinghfhdatahfhbasehfhstructures?hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Tohfhorganizehfhspatialhfhdatahfhintohfhqueries
Whathfhishfhthehfhmainhfhdifferencehfhbetweenhfhahfhheirarchicalhfhandhfhnetworkhfhdatahfhbasehfhstructure?hfh-
hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Networkhfhdatahfhbasehfhstructureshfhcanhfhhavehfhmultiplehfhparenthfhtohfhmultiplehfhchildhfhrelationships,hfhwhere
ashfhheirarchicalhfhstructureshfhmusthfhhavehfhahfh1:1hfhparenthfhtohfhchildhfhratio
, WhathfhtypehfhofhfhdatahfhbasehfhstructurehfhishfhmosthfhcommonlyhfhusedhfhinhfhGIS?hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
relational
Whathfhishfhthehfhmainhfhgoal/purposehfhofhfhmaphfhprojection?hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Tohfhtakehfhahfh3Dhfhworldhfhandhfhmakehfhahfh2Dhfhrepresentationhfhofhfhit.
Whichhfhgeneralhfhclasshfhofhfhmaphfhprojectionshfhishfhusedhfhtohfhprojecthfhanhfhentirehfhglobe?hfhWhy?hfh-
hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Cylindrical,hfhbecausehfhithfhshowshfhthehfhentirehfhearthhfhwithhfhrelativelyhfhfewhfhdistortions,hfhespeciallyhfhathfhthe
hfhequatorhfhorhfhotherhfhpointhfhofhfhcontact.
WhathfhishfhthehfhbesthfhwayhfhtohfhobtainhfhthehfhGIShfhlayershfhyouhfhneedhfhtohfhdohfhanhfhanalysis?hfh-
hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
SearchhfhalreadyhfhcreatedhfhdatahfhlayershfhfromhfhreliablehfhsourceshfhsuchhfhashfhUSGS,hfhthehfhEPA,hfhandhfhotherhfh
organizationshfhthathfhprovidehfhGIShfhdata.
Whathfhishfhthehfhmosthfhimportanthfhfactorhfhthathfhyouhfhmusthfhconsiderhfhwhenhfhobtaininghfhdatahfhfromhfhalread
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thods?hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-Becausehfhrasterhfhdatahfhtakeshfhuphfhsohfhmuchhfhstoragehfhspace.
Usinghfhthehfhrunhfhlengthhfhrasterhfhencodinghfhtechnique,hfhrepresenthfhthehfhgroupinghfhofhfhshadedhfhrastershfhla
beledhfhashfhgrouphfhA.hfhMakehfhsurehfhtohfhspecifyhfhthehfhcoordinatehfhsystemhfhthathfhyouhfhuse.hfh-
hfhcorrecthfhanswers-Coordinatehfhsystem=hfhrow:hfh(starthfhpoint,hfhendhfhpoint).
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Usinghfhthehfhchainhfhcodinghfhrasterhfhencodinghfhtechnique,hfhrepresenthfhthehfhgroupinghfhofhfhshadedhfhrastershfhl
abeledhfhashfhgrouphfhA.hfhMakehfhsurehfhtohfhspecifyhfhthehfhcoodinatehfhsystemhfhused.hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Coordinatehfhsystem:hfhN=0,hfhS=1,hfhE=2,hfhW=3.hfhOrigin:hfh(column,hfhrow)=(1,3).hfh2^2,hfh0^2,hfh2^1,hfh1^2,hfh0^1
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Usinghfhthehfhblockhfhcodinghfhrasterhfhencodinghfhtechnique,hfhrepresenthfhthehfhgroupinghfhofhfhshadedhfhrastershfhl
abeledhfhashfhgrouphfhA.hfhMakehfhsurehfhtohfhspecifyhfhthehfhcoordinatehfhsystemhfhused.hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
Coordinatehfhsystem:hfhorigin=centerhfhorhfhbottomhfhleft,hfh(column,hfhrow)hfh-hfhwidthhfhofhfhsquare.hfh(2,4)-
2,hfh(3,1)-1,hfh(3,2)-1,hfh(3,3)-2,hfhetc.
Definehfhthehfhconcepthfhofhfhmaphfhscale.hfhYouhfhmayhfhdohfhthishfhinhfhwordshfhorhfhusehfhanhfhequation(definehfhthehf
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map.hfhIthfhishfhrepresentedhfhashfhmaphfhdistancehfh:hfhgroundhfhdistancehfhorhfhMD:GD,hfhandhfhsincehfhithfhishfhahfhratio
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mallhfhscalehfhmaphfhandhfhsmallerhfhgroundhfhdistancehfhnumbershfhonhfhahfhlargehfhscalehfhmap.
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behfhconsideredhfhlargehfhorhfhsmallhfhscalehfhandhfhwhy?hfh-hfhcorrecthfhanswers-
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eijing)hfhappearhfhveryhfhsmallhfhandhfhnothfhmuchhfhdetailhfhcanhfhbehfhrepresentedhfhonhfhahfhmaphfhofhfhthishfhsize
