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Philosophy Final exam test guide questions latest review
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Philosophy Final exam test guidequestions latest review
What does philosophy mean? - ANS love of wisdom
What is the study of value, such as aesthetic and moral value? - ANS Axiology
This field of philosophy deals with questions such as: Is the mind the same thing as the body?
how are mind and body related? Do people have immortal souls? Do humans have free will? -
ANS Metaphysics
True or false : Epistemology has to do with questions about knowledge and the justification for
our beliefs. - ANS True
True or false : Philosophy is a second-order discipline because it enables a philosophical
approach to studying disciplines such as law, physics, religion, politics, etc. - ANS True
What is the systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions
about reality, morality, knowledge, and so on? - ANS Philosophical method
True or false : Like religion, philosophy has a sacred philosophical book (written by Aristotle)
that reveals authoritative philosophical knowledge. - ANS False
True or false : Philosophy is a "critical" discipline. - ANS True
What were the Pre-Socratics primarily concerned with? - ANS Nature of reality
What thinker is traditionally regarded as the first Western philosopher? - ANS Thales 😢
What philosopher concluded that the whole cosmos must be governed by mathematical rules? -
ANS Pythagoras
What philosopher believed that change was the fundamental principle of the universe? - ANS
Heraclitus
Which of the pre-Socratics was a relativist? - ANS Protagorus
True or false : Socrates left behind lots of his writings for us to enjoy. - ANS False!!!!!!
What was Socrates main focus? - ANS ethical matters
,What is a question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to
uncover the truth? - ANS Socratic method
What is the idea that everything in the universe can be ultimately reduced to a single
substance? - ANS Monism
Who's the main star in many of Plato's dialogues? - ANS Socrates
What did Plato believe to be eternal and indestructible? - ANS The soul
Plato believed that everything in the world is an imperfect copy of a _____________, which
resides in a different realm.. - ANS Form (capital F)
Plato believed that the Form of the ________ was the ultimate Form, the ultimate source of all
that exists. - ANS Good
What philosopher authored approximately 200 works and set up his own school in Athens? -
ANS Aristotle
What did Aristotle believe about the universe? - ANS It is eternal
True or false : Aristotle rejected Plato's idea of the Forms. - ANS True
Aristotle believed that there must be a separate and unchanging _________________ that is
the source of all other beings - ANS Being
True or false : Socrates wrote an influential piece of literature called the Allegory of the Cave. -
ANS False
Who said "the unexamined life is not worth living?" - ANS Socrates
What people was Socrates was charged with corrupting in Athens? - ANS Young
What is metaphysics the study of? - ANS Reality
The word "metaphysics" originated from the works __________________, although he didn't
use the word himself. - ANS Aristotle
What is the view that reality exists independently of our minds? - ANS Metaphysical realism
The belief that reality is in some sense one, or one kind of thing. - ANS Monism
, Who offered the first complete mechanistic view of the universe based on the theory that
everything was made up of small, invisible, "uncuttable" bits of matter? - ANS Democritus
What is the view that reality is composed of just material/physical "stuff"? - ANS Materialism
Both materialism and idealism are a form of _____________________. - ANS Monism
Who was the first modern materialist? - ANS Thomas Hobbes
One argument in favor of materialism is the ______________ of the view. - ANS Simplicity
According to idealism, reality is fundamentally ________________ or spirit. - ANS Mind
Which idealists believe that everything would continue to exist even if no minds did, and that
reality was only mental? - ANS Objective idealists
Subjective idealists say that everything would cease to exist if all ______________ did. - ANS
Perceivers
Who is the founding father of idealism? - ANS Berkeley
Berkeley's famous saying (which summarizes his whole view) is: "to be is to be
_____________________" - ANS Perceived
Berkeley did not deny the reality of things, but their ____________________. - ANS
Materiality
True or false : One argument in favor of idealism discussed in class is that idealism is very
intuitive and commonsensical to everyone. - ANS False
One worry about idealism can be put like this: how can reality be so ____________________?
Some objects remain the same every day, but how can our minds have such regular ideas? -
ANS Consistent
According to Berkeley, reality is an idea in _________________ mind. - ANS God's
True or false : Dualism is a type of monism. - ANS False
Dualism is the view that reality is composed of _____________ kinds of things. - ANS Two
Plato believed in the realm of the Forms and the realm of the senses. This makes Plato a
__________________. - ANS Dualist
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