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EXPH- 387 - Final Exam questions and answers 2025 latest update
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EXPH- 387 - Final Exam questions and answers 2025 latest update
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EXPH- 387 - Final Examquestions and answers 2025
latest update.
Endocrine system and nervous system regulates all of - answer
homeostasis
Avg size of endocrine system - answer 0.5kg
Endocrine organs consist of - answer glands, hormones, and
target/receptor organs
Glands are classified as either - answer endocrine or exocrine
Endocrine system has what kind of glands? - answer ductless
Characteristics of Endocrine system - answer -ductless glands
-secrete substances into extracellular spaces
-diffuses into bloodstream for transport to target tissues in the body
2 chemical categories of hormones - answer -steroid-derived
hormones
-amine or polypeptide hormones
steroid-derived hormones - answer not soluble in blood plasma;
synthesized from cholesterol via adrenal cortex and gonads;
receptors are usually found within the cell
,Steroid-derived are ______ but _____ - answer hydrophobic but
lipophilic
Amine or polypeptide hormones - answer soluble in blood plasma;
located on the cell membrane of target tissues
Polypeptide are _____ but _____ - answer hydrophilic but lipophobic
Major function of hormones - answer -modifying rate of
intracellular protein synthesis via DNA stimulation
-changing rate of enzyme activity
-altering plasma membrane transport via 2nd messanger
-inducing secretory activity
What is the first step in initiating hormonal action - answer
hormone-receptor binding
up-regulation - answer target cells form more receptors in
response to increasing hormone levels
down-regulation - answer loss of receptor which prevents target
cells from overresponding to persistently high hormone levels
Cyclic AMP - answer critical 2nd messenger to all protein hormones
protein hormones initially bind to their cellular receptors where -
answer in the plasma membrane
all protein hormones secrete in a - answer pulsatile manner
, Endocrine glands are stimulated by - answer -hormonal stimulation
-humeral stimulation
-neural stimulation
Hormonal stimulation - answer many hormones influence the
secretion of other hormones (tropic hormone)
Humeral stimulation - answer changing levels of certain ions, and
nutrients in blood, bile, and other body fluids
Neural stimulation - answer hormone release is affected by neural
activity (SNS releases epinephrine & norepinephrine during stress)
Pituitary gland - answer master gland
Anterior pituitary hormones - answer -growth hormones
-ACTH
-TSH
-prolactin
-FSH
-LH
Anterior pituitary is controlled by - answer hypothalamus
Growth hormone exerts physiologic activity by - answer 1.
promoting cell division and proliferation
2. increasing protein synthesis
3. decreasing CHO breakdown and increase in the mobilization of
lipids for energy
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