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NEW NSG 522 PRE - MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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NEW NSG 522 PRE - MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS...
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NEW 2024-2025NSG 522 PRE - MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Frequencies - ANSWER The number of observations in each category.
Abbreviated as 'f' or 'n'
Relative Frequency is the number of times a specific observation happens
divided by the total number of observations.
Frequency Distribution - ANSWER A numerical count of a measurement's
values or categories.
Cumulative Frequency - ANSWER The number of observations where the
value is smaller than the maximum value of the variable interval.
Cumulative Relative Frequency - ANSWER A number obtained by summing all
relative frequencies less than or equal to the chosen upper limit point.
Central Tendency - ANSWER An indicator located in the centre of the data.
Mean: The arithmetic average of the observations.
Median - ANSWER The centre or midway of the observations when they are
ordered from smallest to largest.
Mode: ANSWER The most frequently occurring number
,in the data.
Measures of spread - ANSWER The dispersion of observations around the
mean.
Statistical range is the difference between a distribution's maximum and
minimum values. Presented as a single number
Epidemiological Range - ANSWER The least and biggest observed values.
Reported in two numbers
Percentiles - ANSWER The proportion of observations that fall below a specific
value
Quartiles are the values at which 25% (Q1), 50% (Q2), and 75% (Q3) of the
observations fall below.
The interquartile range differs between the first (Q1) and third (Q3) quartiles.
Standard deviation - ANSWER The average distance between values in a
distribution and the centre.
Z-scores are a measure of how far a value deviates from the mean.
,Normal Distribution - ANSWER A probability distribution having equal mean,
median, and mode and a bell-shaped distribution curve.
Outliers are extreme values of a variable that are outside of its predicted range.
A number is defined as being greater than 1.5 times the interquartile range
above or below the box's margins.
Shapiro Wilkes Test - ANSWER A test for the presence or lack of normalcy
that determines which statistics can be employed. If the p-value is greater than
or equal to.05, there is no statistically significant variation in distribution,
indicating a NORMAL DISTRIBUTION.
A p-value of <.05 indicates a statistically significant difference in the variable's
distribution. NOT REGULAR DISTRIBUTION
Descriptive statistics can only be used to summarise nominal data.
How may ordinal data be summarised using descriptive statistics? ANSWER
Data that is rank ordered can be described using the median.
How to summarise interval/ratio data with descriptive statistics - ANSWER
Continuous data can be characterised using the mode, median, or mean.
The best graphical display of nominal data is ANSWER bar charts. Only shows
the difference and is not ranked.
, How to Determine Normality using Histograms - ANSWER Mean, median, and
mode are the same. When sliced in half, one side reflects the other.
How to determine normalcy using the Shapiro-Wilk test - ANSWER If the p-
value is >.05, this suggests that there is NOT a statistically significant
Significant discrepancy between your variable's distribution and a
You can consider your data to be regularly distributed.
A p-value of <.05 indicates statistical significance.
Significant discrepancy between your variable's distribution and a
normal distribution, thus consider your data NOT normally.
distributed.
Determine the presence of outliers in data using a box and whisker plot with
Tukey fences - ANSWER Look for values outside of the fences. The outlier will
be at least 1.5 times the IQR above or below the box's boundaries.
ANSWER Determine whether the measurements are greater than three standard
deviations from the mean to see if there are any outliers in the data.
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