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CDCES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CDCES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS2024-2025
What are the components of an effective insulin injection technique? -
ANSWER Proper insulin injection technique comprises injecting into
appropriate body locations, rotating injection sites, taking care of injection sites
to minimize infection or other issues, and avoiding intramuscular (IM) insulin
delivery (64)
What are the recommended treatment options for type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER
9.1 The majority of persons with type 1 diabetes should have numerous daily
injections of prandial and basal insulin, or a continuous subcutaneous insulin
infusion. A
9.2 Most people with type 1 diabetes should utilize rapid-acting insulin
analogues to lower their risk of hypoglycemia. A
9.3 Patients with type 1 diabetes should be instructed to adjust prandial insulin
dosages based on carbohydrate intake, premeal blood glucose, and predicted
physical activity. (64)
What are the recommended treatment options for type 2 diabetes? What are the
four reasons for the early introduction of insulin? How often should treatment
be reevaluated? - ANSWER "When diet and exercise are no longer sufficient."
1) "Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the treatment of
type 2 diabetes." (64)
2) "Once initiated, metformin should be continued as long as it is tolerated and
not contraindicated; other agents, including insulin, should be added to
metformin." (64)
3. "Among patients with type 2 diabetes who have established atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease or indicators of high risk, established kidney disease, or
,heart failure, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor or glucagon-like
peptide 1 receptor agonist with demonstrated cardiovascular disease benefit is
recommended as part of the glucose-lowering regimen, independent of A1C and
taking patient-specific factors into account. (for example, liraglutide,
caniglifozin, or empagliflozin)" (64)
4. "The early introduction of insulin should be considered if there is evidence of
ongoing catabolism (weight loss), if symptoms of hyperglycemia are present, or
when A1C levels (>10% [86 mmol/mol]) or blood glucose levels (≥300 mg/dL
[16.7 mmol/L]) are very high." (64)
5. "The medication regimen and medication-taking behavior should be
reevaluated at regular intervals (every 3-6 months) and adjusted as needed to
incorporate specific factors that impact choice of treatment" (64)
Long-acting insulins include NPH, U-500 regular, Detemir, Glargine, U-300
Glargine, and Degludec (12).
Short-acting insulins include Afrezza, Fiasp, Apart, Glulisine, Lispro, U-200
Lispro, Human regular, and U-500 regular.
What hormones regulate hepatic glucose production? - ANSWER Cortisol,
growth hormone, glucagon, Epi/Norepi, progesterone, and estrogen (12)
What are the benefits of continuous insulin infusion over many daily injections?
- ANSWER Ability to account for dawn phenomenon, adopt temp basal rates,
have varied schedules, skip/delay meals without hypoglycemia (12)
, What supplies are required for pump vacations or as a backup? - ANSWER
Injectable basal and bolus insulin, vial or pen, syringes/pen needles, doses,
transition plan back to pump (12)
The transtheoretical model is an integrative framework for understanding how
individuals and populations progress toward adopting and maintaining health
behavior change. It recognizes that behavior occurs in stages, not all at once:
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and
termination.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1059924X.2017.1358971 -
What is the socio-ecological model? - ANSWER The socio-ecological model
broadly conceptualized the construct of health and focused on the major
contributors that might affect health.
The health belief model (HBM) is based on psychological and behavioral theory
and is based on two components of health-related behavior: 1) the desire to
avoid illness or, conversely, to get well if already ill, and 2) the belief that a
specific health action will prevent or cure illness. Ultimately, an individual's
course of action is often determined by their perceptions of the benefits and
barriers associated with health behavior.
The term "self-efficacy" refers to a person's confidence in his or her ability to
successfully perform a behavior. It was recently added to the model in the mid-
1980s. Self-efficacy is a construct in many behavioral theories because it
directly relates to whether a person performs the desired behavior.
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