Somatic cell - answer✔Any cell in the body that is not a reproductive cell
Somatic cell division - answer✔Mitosis
Zygote - answer✔The original pre-existing cell (fertilised egg) in which all other cells in the
body are stemmed from
What are present on the surface of fallopian tubes? - answer✔Cilia
What can issues with cilia on the surface of the fallopian tubes or issues with flagellum of sperm
lead to? - answer✔Problems with fertility
The time taken for the cell cycle to complete is the same for all cells, true or false? -
answer✔False, the time varies depending on the specific type of cell that is replicating.
How many distinct phases are there in the prokaryotic cell cycle? - answer✔2
What are the 2 distinct phases in the prokaryotic cell cycle? - answer✔- Replication (during
interphase)
- Division/cytokinesis
How many distinct phases are there in the eukaryotic cell cycle? - answer✔4
What are the 4 distinct phases in the eukaryotic cell cycle? - answer✔- M phase
- G1 phase
- S phase
- G2 phase
What happens in M phase? - answer✔mitosis and cytokinesis
What happens in G1 phase? - answer✔- Recovery from previous cycle
- Cellular components replicated
- Prepares for DNA replication
What happens in S phase? - answer✔- Each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated
- Synthesis of proteins associated with DNA (histones etc)
What happens in G2 phase? - answer✔- Cell double checks duplicated chromosomes for
errors/repairs any
- Prepares for mitosis
Which phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle make up interphase? - answer✔G1, S and G2
What are the 6 stages of M phase (mitosis)? - answer✔1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
6. Cytokinesis
What happens in prophase? - answer✔- Replicate DNA condenses (chromosomes visible)
- Centrosomes replicated and start to extend out microtubule mitotic spindles
What happens in prometaphase? - answer✔- Nuclear envelope break down
- Microtubule spindles start connecting to kinetochore of chromosomes
What happens in metaphase? - answer✔- Chromosomes line up along equator
- Microtubules extend to reach chromosomes in this position
What happens in anaphase? - answer✔- Shortening of microtubules
- Spindle poles migrate outwards
- Chromosomes pulled apart, dividing at centromere
What happens in telophase? - answer✔- Daughter chromosomes reach spindles
- New nuclear membrane/envelopes form
- Contractile ring starts contracting
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