A&P 1 Lecture - Comprehensive Final
Exam
List the hierarchy of human complexity. - correct answer Atom, molecule, organelle, cell,
tissue, organ, organism
What's the smallest unit of life? - correct answer Cell
Name the structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform a function.
- correct answer Organ
What's the basic unit of an element? - correct answer Atom
What's the term which describes the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism? -
correct answer Metabolism
Life the characteristics of life. - correct answer Organisms respond to their environment
grow and change
reproduce and have offspring
have a complex chemistry
maintain homeostasis
are built of structures called cells
pass their traits onto their offspring
When the body senses a change and reacts to stop or reverse that change, what mechanism in
action? - correct answer Negative feedback inhibition mechanism
Describe the orientation of the body while in anatomical position. - correct answer In the
anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed
forward. The upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing forward
When referring to the appendages (arms & legs) which anatomical terms are appropriate to
use? - correct answer Distal and proximal
What's another name referring to the front of the body? - correct answer Anterior/ventral
What's another name referring to the back of the body? - correct answer Posterior/dorsal
Which plane divides the body/organs into left and right portions? - correct answer Sagittal
(midsaggital) plane
Which plane divides the body/organs into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions? -
correct answer Frontal/coronal
,A&P 1 Lecture - Comprehensive Final
Exam
Which plane divides the body/organs into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions? -
correct answer Transverse plane
The nose is ________________ to the mouth. - correct answer Superior
The ankle is ________________ to the knee. - correct answer Distal
The elbow is _________________ to the hand. - correct answer Proximal
The brain is contained in what cavity? - correct answer Cranial cavity
What muscle divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity? - correct answer Diaphragm
What cavity is superior to the diaphragm? - correct answer thoracic cavity
Which cavity is the bladder found in? - correct answer abdominopelvic
Your belly button is on the _____________ surface of your body. - correct answer Anterior
(ventral)
The nose is ____________to the mouth. - correct answer Superior
The ankle is _________________ to the knee. - correct answer Distal
The elbow is _____________ to the hand. - correct answer Proximal
The subcutaneous (hypodermal) layer is _________ to the dermis of the skin. - correct answer
Deep
The skin is ____________ to the muscles. - correct answer Superficial
What type of bond involves sharing of electrons? - correct answer covalent bond
What type of chemical bond involves the exchange of electrons between atoms? - correct
answer ionic
Movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high
solute concentration. - correct answer osmosis
Water molecules experience cohesion due to... - correct answer hydrogen bonding
Storage carbohydrates found in animals - correct answer glycogen
Substance dissolved in the liquid portion of a solution - correct answer solute
DNA is located in the _______________of the cell. - correct answer Nucleus
Control center of the cell - correct answer nucleus
, A&P 1 Lecture - Comprehensive Final
Exam
The cell membrane is composed of a _____________________ bilayer. - correct answer
Phospholipid
_____________________, a steroid molecule strengthens the cell membrane and maintains its
fluidity. - correct answer Cholesterol
The _______________ process, sorts, and packages protein from the ER. - correct answer Golgi
body/complex/apparatus
ATP is produced in the ______________. - correct answer Mitochondria
The ____________________ synthesizes lipids, steroids, and plays a role in detoxification. -
correct answer Smooth ER
_____________ are fingerlike projections on the apical surface of the cell that increases the
surface area for enhanced absorption. - correct answer Microvilli
The _____________is the site of protein synthesis. - correct answer Ribosomes
Your respiratory epithelial cells have ________, short hair-like projections that beat in unison to
move mucus. - correct answer Cilia
A ______________ solution contains less solute than the inside of a cell causing a cell to swell
and burst. - correct answer Hypotonic
A(n) ______________ solution has the same concentration of solutes as the solution inside of a
cell. - correct answer Isotonic
Your kidneys ___________ your blood, separating blood components based on size. - correct
answer Filter
_________________ is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low
concentration. - correct answer Diffusion
Sperm have a whip-like tail called a ______________. - correct answer Flagellum
Membrane phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains attached are called _________. -
correct answer Glycolipids
The fuzzy carbohydrate 'sugar' coating on the outside of our cells is referred to as the
________________. - correct answer Glycocalyx
What type of membrane protein binds messenger molecules (ligands)? - correct answer
Receptors
What type of membrane protein allows passage of water and ions? - correct answer Channel
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