Thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations
that are appraised as stressful
coping characteristics
Relationship with stressful events is a dynamic process
Involves perceptions, emotions, actions, internal and external resources; Depends on
how you deal with stress, involves your own perceptions, emotions, actions, internal
and external resources
stages of coping
-Event occurs
-Appraisal of event
-Coping response and-strategy
-Coping task
-Coping outcome
personality and coping: negative vs. positive affectivity
-Negative Affectivity is when a person has a persistent negative mood they usually have
higher depression, anxiety, and hostility. They are often uncomfortable in many
situations. Could be seen as pessimistic
Usually leads to higher risk of negative health outcomes
-Opposite- usually positive people have better health outcomes, less likely to get sick,
lower cortisol, better immune system
Psychological Resources
Optimism: facilitates coping efforts that are both active and sustained.
Psychological control: an individual believes he/she can exert control over events that
are stressful in nature.
,Self esteem: is related to lower levels of indicators of stress
self esteem-a belief in ones worth
Conscientiousness: prevents you from engaging in harmful behaviors and facilitates
better health behaviors, you will adhere more conscientiously to self care regimens
Self confidence: facilitates identification of resources for coping
-being smart- problem solving skills
Emotional stability-can keep calm under stressors, control your own emotions
Resilience, definition
The ability to "confront and deal" with stressors and bounce back from bad
experiences-being flexible-being able to adapt to various stressful situations
Resilience, examples of resources that promote resilience
Having a purpose in life
Sense of humor, having trust in others
Feeling life is worth living
Religious beliefs
Relationship between religious beliefs and health
Religions tend to forbid unhealthy behaviors, offer social support, can enhance sense of
control but most research is correlational coping style definition Coping style: The
manner in which we respond to events Distinction between avoidant and approach
coping style Approach coping style: You obtain information about the event and then
you tackle the problem directly Avoidant coping style: You minimize the event, coping by
avoiding threat Problem-focused coping Trying to solve the problem or be constructive
-Problem focused coping includes attempts to do something constructive about the
stressful conditions that are harming, threatening, or challenging an individual
, -Optimist use problem-focused coping, seeking social support from others, and
emphasize the positive aspects of stressful situations
emotion-focused coping
-trying to regulate your own emotions in response to a stressful situation
-Involves clarifying, focusing on, and working through the emotions experienced in
response to a stressor
external respurces for coping examples
It can be almost anything that has a positive/soothing impact: time, friends, family,
presence of positive life events, absence of negative life events, .
Stages in collective coping with tragedy
Emergency: People discussing and thinking about it a lot; taking action toward
occurrence.
Inhibition: negative reactions like hostility and dreaming occur; still on a conscious level
Adaptation: not discussed or thought about-of the event-as much
-If one were still to think about it a year later, this would mean that it is consuming his
mind and he is grieving. It may also be called
john henryism
Active Coping
Because Coping with long-term exposure to stressors like racial discrimination etc,
generally result in negative health outcome.
James and co-authors labeled this "John henryism" a propensity to cope actively with
psychosocial stressors. The person's going high on John henryism would try harder and
harder against ultimately insurmountable odds. Hence, one would anticipate finding
John henryism to be specifically lethal among the disinherited, specially low-income and
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