NU578 Unit 1 Exam Questions and
Answers All Correct
Factors affecting absorption - Answer- rate of dissolution
surface area
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Barriers to PO absorption - Answer- Epithelial cells
Capillary walls
Sometimes p-glycoprotein
Factors affecting PO absorption - Answer- Solubility & stability
Gastric.intestinal pH
Gastric emptying time
Food in the gut
Coadministration of other drugs
Coatings on the drug
Abscesses & tumors - Answer- Low regional blood flow affects therapy
(Lack of blood flow inhibits drug delivery to the site.
Abscess - Pus-filled pockets don't have internal blood vessels
Solid tumors - have a limited blood supply)
Idiosyncratic effect - Answer- an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic
predisposition
ex: G6PD deficiency
Paradoxical effect - Answer- a response to a medication that is the opposite of what is
expected
iatrogenic disease - Answer- disease produced by drugs
physical dependence - Answer- a state in which the body has adapted to drug exposure
in such a way that an abstinence syndrome will result if drug use is discontinued
,carcinogenic effect - Answer- the ability of certain medications and environmental
chemicals to cause cancers
teratogenic effect - Answer- causal relationship between the drug use of a mother and
congenital abnormalities (congenital defect)
Hepatotoxic drugs - Answer- as some drugs undergo metabolism by the liver, they are
converted to toxic products that can injure liver cells
LFTs to assess liver function and hepatotoxicity - Answer- AST & ALT
QT Interval Drugs - Answer- the ability of some medications to prolong the QT interval
on the electrocardiogram, thereby creating a risk of serious dysrhythmias
Patient at risk for adverse effects of QT drugs - Answer- - Older adults
- Patients with dysrhythmias
- Low K and Mag
- Women
- Current use of other QT drugs
pharmacodynamic tolerance - Answer- adaptive changes in systems affected by the
drug so that the response to a given concentration of drug is reduced
Schedule I - Answer- Drugs in this schedule have no accepted medical use in the
United States and have a high abuse potential.
Examples are heroin, marijuana, LSD, peyote, etc.
Schedule II - Answer- Drugs in this schedule have a high abuse potential with severe
psychic or physical dependence liability. Included are certain narcotic analgesics,
stimulants, and depressant drugs.
Examples are opium, morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine,
oxycodone, anileridine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine,
methylphenidate, amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, methaqualone, and
phencyclidine.
Schedule III - Answer- Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those in
Schedules I and II and include compounds containing limited quantities of certain
narcotic analgesic drugs, and other drugs such as barbiturates, glutethimide,
methyprylon, and chlorphentemine.
Any suppository dosage form containing amobarbital, secobarbital, or pentobarbital is in
this schedule.
, Schedule IV - Answer- Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those
listed in Schedule III and include such drugs as barbital, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate,
ethchlorvynol, meprobabmate, chlordizepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, chloroazepate,
flurazepam, etc.
Schedule V - Answer- Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those
listed in Schedule IV and consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities
of certain narcotic analgesic drugs used for antitussive and antidiarrheal purposes.
Absorption - Answer- Process of drug movement from its site of administration into the
blood
Most common mechanism for drug absorption - Answer- passive diffusion
First-pass effect
(presystemic metabolism) - Answer- Rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs
drug is metabolized (chemically altered) as it passes through either 1) gut wall, and 2)
liver.
Distribution - Answer- drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues
and from there into cells
Barriers to distribution - Answer- - Blood brain barrier
- Placenta
Physiologic Factors Affecting Distribution - Answer- - Perfusion
- Binding of drug to plasma protein
- Specialized Distribution Barriers
Albumin - Answer- Binds acidic drugs
Protein (albumin) binding - Answer- Prevents bound drug molecules from leaving the
bloodstream
Prolongs the distribution phase (Increases half-life)
alpha-1 acid glycoprotein - Answer- Binds basic drugs
Reservoir effect - Answer-
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) - Answer- no intercellular pores between brain capillary
endothelial membranes due to the presence of tight junctions between cells
To gain access to the brain from the capillaries, drugs must - Answer- 1) diffuse across
cells (lipid-soluble,
