Ascribed status - ✔✔socioeconomic status determined by external
characteristics or outward appearances (skin color, gender, age)
Marxist Theory - ✔✔Proletariat: "have-nots"
Bourgeoisie: "haves"
Class consciousness - ✔✔Organization of the working class around
shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action
,False consciousness - ✔✔misperception of one's actual position in
society
Strain Theory - ✔✔focuses on how anomic conditions can lead to
deviance; anomic conditions include excessive individualism, social
inequality, and isolation
Social capital - ✔✔investments people make in society in return for
rewards like through social networking
Social network creates social inequality - ✔✔Situational: socioeconomic
advantage
Positional: based on how connected one is within a network or one's
centrality within network
,Cultural capital - ✔✔Benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities,
and skills
Strong ties - ✔✔peer group and kinship contacts which are
quantitatively small but qualitatively powerful
Weak ties - ✔✔social connections that are personally superficial but
are large in number and provide connections to a wide range of other
individuals (ex. social media)
Upward/Downward Mobility - ✔✔Positive or negative change in a
person's status
, Horizontal mobility - ✔✔change in occupation or lifestyle that remains
within the same social class
Social exclusion - ✔✔Poor individuals feel segregated and isolated from
society
Spatial inequality - ✔✔how geography influences social processes
Urban decay - ✔✔previously functional portion of a city deteriorates
and becomes decrepit over time
Urban renewal - ✔✔fueled by gentrification= when upper or middle
class populations purchase and rennovate neighborhoods in
deteriorated areas, displacing low-SES population
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