Exam (elaborations)
NSG 500 Exam 1
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Exam of 7 pages for the course NSG 500 at NSG 500 (NSG 500 Exam 1)
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/ NSG 500 Exam 1): Advanced Health AssessmentFlorence Nightingale's Impact on Nursing - ANSWER During the Crimean War
(1850's), Nightingale changed the way soldiers were cared for; fought to allow her
nurses to the front lines; reduced mortality from 40% to 2.2%
Florence Nightingale's Evidence & Improvements at the soldier's hospital (during
Crimean War) - ANSWER In the soldier's hospital, in the year 1854 and against
strong physician opposition, Nightingale worked with 38 nurses that she hired to
improve the environment and personal condition of every soldier. She and her
nurses also promoted their health by cleanliness, fresh air, clean water, and good
nutrition
Florence Nightingale post-Crimean War - ANSWER Following the war, Nightingale
returned to England and, against physician opposition (only 4 of 100 physicians
approved), established a nursing school at St. Thomas Hospital thanks to a donation
from the public equal to $200k. At the nursing school, Nightingale developed an
educational program based on the science of the time.
Nursing School at St. Thomas Hospital - ANSWER Nightingale's curriculum had a
key component--that nurses need to observe changes in their patients and report
them to the physician.
Florence understood the important of the consistent presence of nurses with a
patient, and that that is central to the nursing role
Florence Nightingale's Nursing Education Model - ANSWER Nightingale combined
didactic content and bedside experience; this model is still followed in all nursing
programs today
Key to this model is that Nightingale based it on a nursing superintendent being in
charge of nurses and nursing students--not physicians. To this day, nurses regulate
ourselves.
Early Nursing Education in the United States - ANSWER During the mid-1800's, the
first hospital based nursing training programs were administered by physicians, not
nurses.
The Civil War gave rise to early efforts to develop nursing as a recognized and
distinct profession--not just the off shoot of the "woman's role"
Nursing During the Late 1800's in the United States - ANSWER During this period,
nurses were trained at apprentice programs in hospitals, there were no actual
nursing schools. Nurses were not in charge of nurses, so graduates of these
programs were more aligned with the hospital and physicians than with the patient.
First Professional Nursing Organizations - ANSWER The American Society of
Superintendents of Training Schools was formed in the mid-1890's
, In 1912, it became the National League of Nursing (NLN). NLN is still one of the
main nursing education organizations.
Also in 1912, the Nurses Associated Alumni of the US and Canada became the
American Nurses Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) - ANSWER The ANA is the professional
organization for all nurses, regardless of specialty area or level of education.
The ANA writes the professional standards, the code of ethics, and works with State
Boards of Nursing to regulate the nursing practice
State Regulation of Nursing - ANSWER States began to regulate the licensing of
nurses in the early-1900's. Illinois was the first state to require that nurses be
licensed in 1907
Nursing Evolution During World War 1 - ANSWER More nurses were needed with
the onset of WW1; thus opportunity for development of the profession occurred--
John Hopkins and Columbia University started a BSN level nursing education.
Linda Richards - ANSWER The first nurse to graduate in the United States from a
formal nursing program (the program she attended was founded by Dr. Susan
Dimock at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1873; Dimock died
in 1875)
The Goldmark Report - ANSWER During WW1, the Goldmark Report called for all
nurses to be education in universities and for hospital based training to be
terminated.
Role of Nurses in Public Health (early 1900's) - ANSWER During the early 1900's,
public health became an area for the most autonomous practice of nursing. The
focus was on helping the poor and destitute.
Key players were Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster.
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - ANSWER Lillian and Mary started the Nurses
Settlement House in the NYC tenements, which became the Henry Street
Settlement. This effort then developed into the Visiting Nurses Society, and served
as a model for other community nursing efforts.
Margaret Sanger - ANSWER Margaret Sanger is a key example of nurses
advocating for patients. She fought to make birth control available and safe for all
women. Her organization became what we know as Planned Parenthood
Nursing Education Changes in the Mid 20th Century - ANSWER During this time,
nursing education moved out from physician driven hospital programs to college and
university based programs. At the same time, in response to many nursing
shortages, community colleges developed 2 year ADN programs
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