NU 606 Exam 3 Questions and Answers All Correct
When is surfactant produced? - Answer- 28-36 weeks, promotes alveoli expansion and reduces surface tension
what is the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrom - Answer- injury to the lung results in injury to alveolar wall and cap...
NU 606 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers All Correct
When is surfactant produced? - Answer- 28-36 weeks, promotes alveoli expansion and
reduces surface tension
what is the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrom - Answer- injury to the
lung results in injury to alveolar wall and capillary membrane leading to release of
chemical mediators, increased permeability of alveolar capillary membranes, increased
fluid and protein in the interstitial area and alveoli, and damage to the surfactant-
producing cells -
can be caused fro severe of prolonged hypoxia which damages lung tissue
acute respiratory failure - Answer- pa02 less than 50
and / or paC02 > 50
and decreasing ph <7.3
at what rate does muscular loss occur in immobility - Answer- 12% each week. at 3-5
weeks half of mass is lost
how long does it take tendons and ligaments to be effected by immobility - Answer- 4-6
days, the connective tissue begin to shorten and the density increases which limits
flexibility and range of motion
Why is Legionella Pneumophili hard to identify - Answer- it resides inside pulmonary
macrophages
what characterizes primary atypical pneumonia - Answer- causative organism is viral or
mycoplasma and involves interstitial inflammation
what is a primary difference between interstitial pneumonia and others: - Answer-
nonproductive cough
what mycobacterium is characterized by a type four hypersensitivity reaction and a
tubercle formation - Answer- tuberculosis
what is affected cellularly in CF - Answer- protein involved in chloride ion transport in
the cell membrane
How does CF affect the exocrine glands - Answer- abnormally thick secretions all over
what does carbon dioxide result from - Answer- waste material from cell metabolism
, what makes up the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract - Answer- 1-
the passageways which conduct air between atmosphere and lungs, includes the
larynx, and trachea
2- bronchial tree, and lungs
why does cancer frequently metastasize to the lungs - Answer- because the venous
return and lymphatics bring tumor cells from distant sites in the body to the heart and
then into the pulmonary circulation
what are three common sites of metastasis from the lung - Answer- brain, bone, liver
what are pleural effusion, hemothorax, and pneumothorax common secondary to lung
tumors - Answer- when they are located on the lung peripheral they cause inflammation
or erosion of the pleural membrane
what does smoking do on a cellular level? - Answer- causes metaplasia, ciliated
columnar epithelium is changed to squamous cell epithelium.
what causes hemoptysis in lung cancer - Answer- tumor errodes tissue
name three potential complications to aspiration - Answer- aspiration/chemical
pneumonia - alveoli are involved in the inflammation due to liquids (predisposes to
infection)
respiratory distress syndrome: if inflammation is widespread
Pulmonary abscess: if microbes are in the aspirate
solvents may be dissolved into blood for systemic effects
what is the incidence of lung cancer - Answer- third most common cancer in the US,
more in men, esp black men.
what is sleep apnea - Answer- thin pharyngeal tissues collapse during sleep leading to
repeated and momentary cessation of breathing
complications of sleep apnea - Answer- type 2 diabetes
pulmonary hypertension
right sided CHF, CVA, erectile dysfunction, depression, daytime sleepiness
What is extrinsic asthma? - Answer- Asthma that is caused by substances outside the
body, such as pollen, dust, food additives. - called a type one hypersensitivity to inhaled
antigen
what is intrinsic asthma - Answer- Nonimmune
Causes - virus, air pollutants, aspirin or nonsteroidal drug sensitivity, stress, exercise,
cigarette smoke
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