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LCSW EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
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LCSW EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
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LCSW EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAMStructuralism Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER Coined the term "introspection" as
individuals in his lab were asked to observe their own emotional responses and
feelings to a controlled experience. He believed that there are basic elements, or
structures, that constitute the mind, and feelings can be broken down into. Believes
emotions emerge first then cognitively understands it.
Functionalism William James - ANSWER Believed that the function of
consciousness was more adaptive than the structure. He believed that mental states
(thoughts and behaviors) arise because of their functional role in adaptation to the
individual's environment.
Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud - ANSWER believed that Psychoanalysis seeks to
relieve the person of neuroses via the use of free association and dream analysis to
uncover repressed conflicts that are subsequently relived o n an emotional and
intellectual level.
Structure of Personality Sigmund Freud - ANSWER ID (pleasure principle) is present
at birth, and is the unconscious, and includes everything inherited (instincts). It seeks
immediate gratification of urges with no regard.
Ego (reality principle) develops from the ID in conjunction with psychosexual
development. Ego acts with awareness of individual needs and reality of the world. It
seeks to gain gratification in a socially acceptable way and has defenses which
manage anxiety.
SuperEgo (morality principle) arises from Ego. Over time, adapts to the environment
and a belief about what is good and bad.
Psychosexual Stages of Development - ANSWER 1. Oral (birth to age 1) is when
infants use their mouths as a means of exploring the world.
2. Anal (2-3) is when the focus is on potty training.
3. Phallic (3-6) is the time when personal parts become sources of pleasure.
4. Latency (6-11) is when sexual feelings are repressed and superego maintains
parental standards. Failure to negotiate this stage can lead to issues with intimacy.
5. Genital (12+) is when erotic pleasure is the genitals, and secondary sex
characteristics emerge.
Individual Psychology Alfred Adler - ANSWER This personality developmental theory
posits that we begin in a state of inadequacy and strive for self-actualization. Must be
seen in relation to the environment, not the Id, Ego, or SuperEgo. Degree of
functioning in groups is a sign of wellness. People also develop fictions of self. In
psychoanalysis, individuals are tasked to identify dysfunctional fictions, and are
challenged to develop positive self images and goals. There should also focus on
daily life of client.
,Behaviorism John Watson - ANSWER The classic example of this study was the
Little Albert Study, when a child was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat and
generalized this fear to a white rabbit. The conclusion of the study is that the child
had no fear until conditioning and therefore, parents can shape behavior. It
emphasized that behavior, not emotions, because behavior is observable.
Classical Conditioning by Ivan Pavlov - ANSWER Unconditional Stimulus innately
evokes a response.
Unconditioned Response is the innate response to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus does NOT innately evoke a response; individuals learn to
respond because it was paired with an unconditioned stimulus in the past.
Conditioned Response is a learned response to a conditioned stimulus.
For example, an unconditioned stimulus would be a loud noise, which elicits an
unconditioned response of a startle.
A ringing bell as a conditioned stimulus might elicit a conditioned response of
salivating.
Mechanisms for learning in Cognitive Development Jean Piaget - ANSWER
Assimilation is a manner of learning whereby an individual incorporates aspects of
learning into an existing thought structure.
Accommodation refers to modifying a current thought structure to incorporate a new
perceived feature of environment.
Stages of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget - ANSWER Stage 1: Sensorimotor
(birth-age 2) is when the knowledge of the world is limited to sensory perceptions.
Kids use skills and abilities to learn more about their environment.
- Substage 1: Impulsive/Reflex Actions: are those that are taken for their own benefit
(e.g., sucking).
- Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions: repetitive actions that are combined over
time (such as looking at and then touching a stuffed animal).
- Substage 3: Practicing Secondary Circular Reactions: are those taken for their
consequences (such as pushing a bowl off of a highchair to be picked up by a
parent).
- Substage 4: Coordinating Secondary Schemes: when experiment with goal
directed behaviors (such as taking a box to retrieve a toy placed inside).
- Substage 5: Tertiary Circular: increased flexibility and creativity of previously
acquired skills.
- Substage 6: Invention through Mental Combinations: Child increasingly performs
experiments internally and object permanence is achieved.
Stage 2: Preoperational (ages 2-7) when children represent objects in a wide variety
of activities, but not in an organized, fully logical manner. It involves children
representing something in a play and/or pretend manner, such as using a banana as
a phone.
Stage 3: Concrete Operational (ages 7-11) occurs when children begin to think
logically and can use skills of reversibility and decentration to think about the steps of
a process in any order, and when glasses are not more full than others.
Stage 4: Formal Operational (ages 11-adult) occurs when they can think about
hypotheticals and abstracts and use rational thinking.
,Zone of Proximal Development Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER Zone of Proximal
Development is the range of tasks that children can complete while learning new
information. When the child learns on their own, it is the lower range of ZPD.
Scaffolding occurs when an adult helps the child to learn, and less help and support
are needed over time. Children learn best when they initiate the learning
opportunities.
The learning process is very informed and guided by culture both with adults guiding
and language used by children in forming concepts when learning.
Ego Defense Mechanisms - ANSWER are unconscious strategies used by the Ego
to minimize distress caused by the demands of the ID and SuperEgo. A Matured
Ego can meet these demands through a process of acknowledging the demands and
develop a way to meet these challenges, immature resorts to defense mechanisms.
Types of Defense Mechanisms Anna Freud - ANSWER Acting Out occurs when
individuals deal with emotional conflict or stress by exhibiting observable behavior
rather than reflecting.
Affiliation occurs when individuals share their stress with others to elicit help rather
than support.
Aim Inhibition occurs when individuals place a limit on instinctual demands and
accept a modified fulfillment of goals.
Altruism is a mechanism when someone deals with stress by dedicating their life to
meeting the needs of others.
Compensation involves seeking success in one area as a substitute for success in
another area.
Conversion is when anxiety manifests into physical dysfunction with no psychological
basis.
Denial is when individuals refuse to acknowledge reality.
Anticipation is when individuals practice their emotional responses so they can use
the practiced responses to deal with the stressor.
Autistic Fantasy occurs when others daydream obsessively.
Deflection occurs when a group member redirects attention away.
Devaluation is when individuals deal with attributing negative values of themselves to
deal with stress.
Dissociation is a mechanism of compartmentalization.
Fixation is the interruption of normal personality development at a stage short of
normal independence.
Help-Rejecting Complaining is when individuals deal with their emotional stress by
asking for help and then rejecting the help.
Idealization occurs when someone overestimates desirable.
Introjection is when someone unconsciously incorporates ideas into one's own
personality.
Isolation is when someone splits off thoughts and experiences into their own
personality.
Omnipotence is when someone acts in a superior manner to deal with their stress.
Passive Aggression so when someone expresses aggression to others in an
unassertive manner.
Defense Mechanisms Anna Freud Part II - ANSWER Restitution is when relieving
stress by doing something to make up for a behavior error.
, Isolation of Affect occurs when someone separates feelings from a trigger.
Intellectualization is when someone blocks difficult feelings by removing from event.
Somatization is when someone experiences physical symptoms of the body's
autonomic or parasympathetic nervous systems.
Splitting occurs when someone splits another person into good and bad traits.
Reaction Formation is when people adopt behaviors that are antithetic of the
instinctual urge.
Sublimation occurs when translating something intolerable into something desirable.
Undoing occurs when someone engages in a ritual to reverse an action previously
taken.
Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow - ANSWER At the bottom of the pyramid is
Physiological needs (sleep, water, food, sex, oxygen). Next level is Safety
(protection, security, structure and predictability). Then is Belonging (affection,
identification w/group and friendship), next is Esteem (respect, recognition,
appreciation) and the last level is self-actualization in which people develop their true
potential.
Ego Psychology Erik Erikson - ANSWER is focused on the ability to solve problems
to negotiate society. Erikson believed that a healthy personality is one that masters
the environment, and childhood involves development of ego identity (continuity of
self over time). He believed development occurred across the lifespan, and to attain
a healthy ego identity, much work through each crisis.
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (age 0-1) must navigate trusting the mother, or may not
trust self/others.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (2-3) must learn to do things independently as
they learn to potty train.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5) must learn to manage self/environment associated
with an increased sense of competence. Otherwise, feel guilty.
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) is when children must engage in worthwhile
activities to completion especially in school or feel inferior.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Identity Diffusion (12-18) is when children must learn to navigate
their identity, or feel confused about who they are.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation must learn to navigate an intimate relationship with
others, or become isolated.
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation is when individuals have children and learn their
place in the world.
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair occurs when children are adults, and individuals begin
to fear death, and must come to terms with their life cycle.
Separation-Individuation Process M. Mahler - ANSWER occurs when an infant
separates from its mother, which is related to object relations, as the infant struggles
to individuate themself from their mother, as two separate individuals.
- Stage 1: Normal Autism (birth-1 mo) infant sense of self is fragmented at birth.
Primarily responds to internal stimuli, and the initial process of separating from
pleasant/unpleasant feelings appears.
- Stage 2: Symbiosis (1-4 mo) infant has an attachment to mother. Child perceives
the mother as a source of gratification and it is important the mother matches the
infants needs or risk of normal social functioning.
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