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NREMT FINAL EXAM: AIRWAY, RESPIRATION, AND VENTILATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NREMT FINAL EXAM: AIRWAY, RESPIRATION, AND VENTILATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NREMT FINAL EXAM: AIRWAY,RESPIRATION, AND VENTILATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
AX65-year-
oldXmaleXwhoXhasXaXhistoryXofXcongestiveXheartXfailureXisXslumpedXinXaXchairXnotXrespondingXtoXyou.XHisXwi
feXtellsXyouXthatXhisXdifficultyXbreathingXstartedXanXhourXagoXandXhasXbeenXgettingXworse.XHeXisXtachypneic
,XandXyouXauscultateXralesXinXallXfields.XYouXshouldXfirst:
A.XassistXhisXventilation.
B.XadministerXoxygenXbyXnon-rebreatherXmask.
C.XapplyXCPAP.
D.XassessXhisXvitalXsigns.X-XANSWERXA.XassistXhisXventilation.
PatientsXwhoXhaveXchronicXbronchitisXmayXhaveXwhichXofXtheXfollowing?
A.XPersistentXproductiveXcough,XthickeningXofXwallsXofXbronchioles,XexcessiveXmucusXproduction
B.XIncreasedXsensitivityXofXlowerXairwaysXtoXirritants,Xbronchospasm,Xedema
C.XDestructionXofXalveolarXwalls,XdistentionXofXalveolarXsacs,XreducedXareaXforXgasXexchange
D.XAcuteXinfectiousXdisease,XlungXinflammation,Xpus-filledXalveoliX-
XANSWERXA.XPersistentXproductiveXcough,XthickeningXofXwallsXofXbronchioles,XexcessiveXmucusXproduction
AX70-year-
oldXmaleXhasXdifficultyXbreathing.XWhenXassessingXhim,XwhichXofXtheXfollowingXshouldXinfluenceXyourXdeci
sionXtoXassistXhisXventilationXwithXaXBVM?
A.XAXdecreaseXinXhisXmentalXstatus
B.XAnXSpO2XbelowX90%XonXroomXair
C.XAnXincreaseXinXhisXrespiratoryXrate
D.XAXhistoryXofXCOPDX-XANSWERXA.XAXdecreaseXinXhisXmentalXstatus
YouXareXassistingXtheXventilationXofXaX57-year-
oldXfemaleXwhoXisXinXrespiratoryXfailure.XHerXinitialXvitalXsignsXwereXPX102,XRX32,XBPX142/84,XandXSpO2XwasX
,88%XonXroomXair.XAfterXfiveXminutesXofXassistedXventilation,XherXvitalXsignsXareXPX96,XRX18XassistedXwithXslig
htXchestXrise,XBPX108/80,XandXSpO2XisX95%XonXoxygenX15XL/minuteXbyXBVM.XYouXshould:
A.XdecreaseXtheXtidalXvolumeXofXyourXventilation.
B.XincreaseXtheXtidalXvolumeXofXyourXventilation.
C.XincreaseXtheXoxygenXflowXrate.
D.XdecreaseXyourXventilationXrate.X-XANSWERXD.XdecreaseXyourXventilationXrate.
AnX86-year-
oldXfemaleXwhoXhasXaXhistoryXofXemphysemaXcomplainsXofXchestXpain.XHerXinitialXSpO2XwasX92%XonXhomeX
oxygenXbyXnasalXcannula,X3XL/minute.XYouXadministeredXoxygenXbyXnon-
rebreather,X12XL/minute.XHerXSpO2XisXnowX100%,XandXherXchestXpainXisXresolvedXafterXaspirinXandXnitrogly
cerinXadministration.XYouXshouldXnext:
A.XdiscontinueXoxygenXadministration.
B.XswitchXtoXaXsimpleXfaceXmask.
C.XdecreaseXtheXflowXrateXtoX6XL/minute.
D.XtransportXher.X-XANSWERXB.XswitchXtoXaXsimpleXfaceXmask.
WhichXofXtheXfollowingXpreventsXtheXover-inflationXofXtheXlungsXduringXnormalXrespiration?
A.XCushingXreflex
B.XBaroreceptorXreflex
C.XChemoreceptors
D.XStretchXreceptorsX-XANSWERXD.XStretchXreceptors
WhichXofXtheXfollowingXsoundsXindicatesXanXupperXairwayXobstructionXinXaXchildXwhoXisXinXrespiratoryXdistr
ess?
A.XRales
B.XWheezes
C.XStridor
D.XRhonchiX-XANSWERXC.XStridor
,AX16-year-oldXfemaleXcomplainsXofXaXrunnyXnoseXandXaXlow-
gradeXfever.XSheXhasXaXburstXofXrapidXcoughingXwithXanXinspiratoryXwhoopingXsound.XWhileXsheXisXcoughin
gXherXskinXbecomesXcyanotic.XAfterXsheXstopsXcoughingXherXskinXcolor
returnsXtoXnormal.XYouXshouldXsuspect:
A.Xpneumonia.
B.Xpertussis.
C.Xrubella.
D.Xtuberculosis.X-XANSWERXB.Xpertussis.
WhatXcausesXtheXprolongedXexpiratoryXphaseXofXtheXrespiratoryXcycleXinXaXpatientXwhoXisXhavingXanXasthm
aXattack?
A.XBronchioleXconstriction
B.XPulmonaryXvenousXhypertension
C.XThick,XstickyXmucusXproduction
D.XRupturedXblebsX-XANSWERXA.XBronchioleXconstriction
AX64-year-
oldXmaleXisXhavingXanXasthmaXattack.XWhichXclassXofXmedicationXcanXhelpXimproveXhisXalveolarXventilation
?
A.XBeta2Xagonist
B.XBeta1Xantagonist
C.XBeta1Xagonist
D.XBeta2XantagonistX-XANSWERXA.XBeta2Xagonist
AX47-year-
oldXmaleXcomplainsXofXdifficultyXbreathing,XandXheXcannotXstopXcoughing.XHisXconjunctivaeXareXpaleXandXm
oist.XHeXhasXaX40Xpack-yearXsmokingXhistory.XYouXshouldXfirst:
A.XadministerXoxygen.
B.XassessXhisXvitalXsigns.
C.XcollectXaXsampleXofXhisXphlegm.
D.XdetermineXhisXpastXmedicalXhistory.X-XANSWERXA.XadministerXoxygen.
, WhichXofXtheXfollowingXrespiratoryXconditionsXinXchildrenXoverX2XyearsXoldXhasXsimilarXlungXsoundsXtoXanXi
nfantXwhoXhasXbronchiolitis?
A.XAsthma
B.XPulmonaryXedema
C.XPertussis
D.XPneumoniaX-XANSWERXA.XAsthma
AX77-year-
oldXfemaleXcomplainsXofXdifficultyXbreathing.XSheXtellsXyouXsheXhasXhadXaXproductiveXcoughXforXseveralXyea
rs.XYouXauscultateXcoarseXrhonchiXinXtheXbasesXofXherXlungs.XYouXobserveXherXmucousXmembranesXareXcya
notic.XHerXvitalXsignsXareXPX96,XRX26XandXlabored,XBPX148/92,XandXSpO2XisX88%XonXhomeXoxygenX3XL/minut
eXbyXnasalXcannula.XYouXshould:
A.XrapidlyXtransportXherXtoXtheXhospital.
B.XadministerXoxygenXbyXnon-rebreatherXmask.
C.XassistXherXventilationXwithXaXBVM.
D.XincreaseXtheXoxygenXflowXrateXtoX4XL/minute.X-XANSWERXB.XadministerXoxygenXbyXnon-rebreatherXmask.
AXfebrileX69-year-
oldXmaleXcomplainsXofXbodyXachesXandXdecreasedXappetite.XHeXtellsXyouXheXhasXhadXtheXfluXforXaXweek.XHi
sXskinXisXcyanoticXandXdiaphoretic.XYouXauscultateXrhonchiXandXdecreasedXlungXsoundsXoverXhisXleftXlowerXl
ung.XHisXvitalXsignsXareXPX102,XRX26,XBPX116/90,XandXSpO2XisX91%XonXroomXair.XYouXshouldXsuspect:
A.Xpneumonia.
B.Xinfluenza.
C.XsepticXshock.
D.Xpleurisy.X-XANSWERXA.Xpneumonia.
WhyXcanXpulmonaryXembolismsXcauseXaXV/QXmismatch?
A.XTheyXblockXbronchioleXairflow.
B.XTheyXblockXbronchialXairflow.
C.XTheyXblockXpulmonaryXvenousXbloodXflow.
D.XTheyXblockXpulmonaryXarterialXbloodXflow.X-XANSWERXD.XTheyXblockXpulmonaryXarterialXbloodXflow.
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