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BIO 111 Final Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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BIO 111 Final Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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BIO 111 Final Exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
7 Characteristics of Life - ANSWER-1. Cells are the simplest units of life
2. Living organisms use energy
3. Living organisms interact with their environment
4. Living organisms maintain homeostasis
5. Living organisms grow and develop
6. The genetic material provides a blueprint for reproduction
7. Populations of organisms evolve from one generation to the next
Principles of Biology (8-12) - ANSWER-8. All species are related by evolutionary
history
9. Structure determines function
10. New properties of life emerge from complex interactions
11. Biology is an experimental science
12. Biology affects our society
Scientific Method - ANSWER-1. Observations
2. Hypothesis
3. Experimentation
4. Data
5. Conclusion
Hypothesis - ANSWER-Proposed explanation based on previous observations
(trees dropping their leaves).
Theory - ANSWER-Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world from a
large body of evidence. It allows predictions but can never be proven true
,Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER-Mucus in the lungs.
Discovery based sciences used to find CF gene. This lead to experiments to test
the hypothesis
Natural Selection - ANSWER-Amplifies variations that arise randomly
Descent with modification: Evolution based on... - ANSWER-variation within a
given species and natural selection
Modern synthesis of evolution - ANSWER-Natural variation exists that is caused
by random changes in the genetic material.
If genetic change/mutation promotes an individual's survival, natural selection
may increase the prevalence of that trait in future generations.
Phenotype - ANSWER-The characteristics of an organism that are the result of
the expression of its genes
5 areas of evidence which support evolution - ANSWER--Studies of natural
selection
-Fossil Record
-Biogeography
-Convergent evolution
-Selective Breeding
Biogeography - ANSWER-Unique species found on islands and other remote
areas have arisen because the species in these locations have evolved in
isolation from the rest of the world.
Atoms are made up of - ANSWER-Neutrons, protons, electrons
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Determined by the number of protons in an element
Periodic table is organized by - ANSWER-atomic number
Periodic table: rows - ANSWER-number of electron shells
Periodic table: columns - ANSWER-from left to right, indicate the numbers of
electrons in the outer shell
Essential elements that make up almost all living matter - ANSWER-Carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen
, covalent bonds - ANSWER-atoms share a pair of electrons. occurs between
atoms whose outer electron shells are not full
What type of chemical bond is the strongest? - ANSWER-covalent bond
Polar covalent bonds - ANSWER-the distribution of electrons around the atoms
creates a difference in electric charge
Example of a polar covalent bond - ANSWER-Water
Hydrogen Bonds - ANSWER-very important for life they are weak polar covalent
bonds that include a bond between H on a polar molecule and the electronegative
part of another
Ionic Bonds - ANSWER-one atom is much more electronegative than the other
("steals" electron)
Ion - ANSWER-an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons
Solvent - ANSWER-liquid
Solutes - ANSWER-substances dissolved in solvent
Aqueous solution - ANSWER-water is the solvent
Hydrophillic - ANSWER-Water-loving: readily dissolve in water, ions and
molecules that contain polar covalent bonds (salts, sugars)
Hydrophobic - ANSWER-Water-fearing: do not readily dissolve in water, nonpolar
molecules like hydrocarbon (vegetable oils)
Amphipathic Molecule - ANSWER-Have both polar or ionized regions at one or
more sites and nonpolar regions at other sites. They may form micelles in water
Isotopes are atoms of the same element but differ in the number of.... - ANSWER-
Neutrons
Hydrolysis - ANSWER-Water used to break apart another molecule
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