Operant conditioning - answerA type of learning where the consequences that
immediately follow a behavior determine the probability of the behavior being repeated.
An example of operant conditioning in dog training is when we give a treat to a dog for
sitting. This increases the probability that the dog will do this behavior in the future.
Pavlovian (classical) conditioning - answerAssociative learning where the pairing of a
conditioned and unconditioned stimulus to produce a unconditioned response can lead
to a conditioned response in the presence of the unconditioned stimulus alone.
Thorndike's Law of Effect - answerresponses that produce a satisfying effect in a
particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses
that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation
Watson's Little Albert Experiment - answerControversial classical conditioning
experiment on an infant boy called "Little Albert." Watson was interested in examining
the effects of conditioning on the fear response in humans
B.F. Skinner - answerBehaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by
training pigeons and rats
Ian Dunbar - answerFounder of APDT and promoted positive dog training
Karen Pryor - answerAnimal trainer and scientist who published "Don't Shoot the Dog"
explaining the application of operant conditioning
Reinforcement - answerin operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior
it follows
Stimulus - answerany event or situation that evokes a response
primary reinforcer - answerany reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic
biological need, such as hunger, thirst, or touch
secondary reinforcer - answerany reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired
with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars
schedules of reinforcement - answerdifferent patterns of frequency and timing of
reinforcement following desired behavior
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