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EDF 6222 Final Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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EDF 6222 Final Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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EDF 6222 Final Exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
psychophysical parallelism - ANSWER-While some methodological behaviorists
accept that there are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of
consideration. This is not a new concept and was once referred to as .
methodological - ANSWER-behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological
version of logical positivism or operationism.
introspection - ANSWER-Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to
describe sensations, images, and feelings
philosophy - ANSWER-"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is
the of that science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - ANSWER-With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not
extensive mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - ANSWER-In order to be excellent stewards of
science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few guidelines when gathering and
evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by ensuring interobserver
agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could have
produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence - ANSWER-Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is
available, assumptions should not be made.
science, lawful relations - ANSWER-"___ is more than the mere description of
events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain
events stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
, mentalistic, explanatory - ANSWER-In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to
conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore
salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that allowed him to show
that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful
analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating - ANSWER-The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that
they are for the survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that
sometimes responses can be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __
purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel - ANSWER-Skinner (1953) informed us
"Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it
does not bring all the behavior of the organism within such __ "(p. 56).
Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion
a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - ANSWER-According to Skinner, contingencies of
reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival because
contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions
under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be
manipulated".
ontogeny - ANSWER-is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its
lifetime.
phylogeny - ANSWER-is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime
of the entire species.
chain, learned - ANSWER-It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic
and phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __ for the
first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back
to the shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it
does not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a web
"no comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic
contingencies at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause - ANSWER-Moore (2015) stated " __ predispose an
individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p. 27). We must be careful not
to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up the physical basis for the
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