NUR 8022 Exam 3 Questions And Answers With 100% Rating
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NUR 8022
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NUR 8022
What happens to the percentage of body water through the lifespan? - Answer -Newborns; 75-90%
Childhood; 60-65%
Adults; 60%
Older adults; declines with age
Why do older adults experience a decrease in body percentage of water? - Answer -- increased adipose tissue
- decreased muscle mass
- r...
NUR 8022 Exam 3 Questions And
Answers With 100% Rating
What happens to the percentage of body water through the lifespan? - Answer -
Newborns; 75-90%
Childhood; 60-65%
Adults; 60%
Older adults; declines with age
Why do older adults experience a decrease in body percentage of water? - Answer --
increased adipose tissue
- decreased muscle mass
- renal decline
- diminished thirst
What is the definition of osmotic force? - Answer -Amt. of hydrostatic pressure required
to oppose the osmotic movement of water.
What is filtration? - Answer -movement of fluid from the capillary into the interstitial
space
What is reabsorption? - Answer -movement of fluid from interstitial space into the
capillary
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure? - Answer -(blood pressure) facilitates the
outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space
What is capillary oncotic pressure? - Answer -Water pulling
attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary osmotically
What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure? - Answer -Water pushing.
facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary
What is interstitial oncotic pressure? - Answer -water pulling
attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space osmotically.
What is Starlings hypothesis? - Answer -Net filtration = forces favoring filtration - forces
opposing filtration
What is the major force of filtration and reabosoprtion? - Answer -capillary pressures
What happens at the arteriole end of the capillary in terms of fluid forces? - Answer -
hydrostatic pressure > interstitial oncotic pressure = water into the insterstitial space
FILTRATION
What happens at the venous end of a capillary in terms of fluid forces? - Answer -
capillary oncotic pressure > interstitial hydrostatic pressure = fluid back into ciruclation
REABSORPTION
What is the pathophysiology of edema? - Answer -increased in forces favoring fluid
filtration from the capillaries or lymphatic channels into the tissues
What is the primary ECF cation? - Answer -Sodium
What is the primary ECF anion? - Answer -Chloride
Describe the relationship btw. Chloride and sodium and bicarbonate - Answer -Cl follow
sodium and varies inversely with bicarb.
What hormone regulates sodium? where is it synthesized? - Answer -Aldosterone.
Synthesized in the adrenal cortex.
When is aldosterone secreted? - Answer -Decreased renal perfusion, low NA levels,
high K levels.
What are the effects of aldosterone secretion? - Answer -Acts on the distule tubule of
the kidney to reabsorb sodium and water and excrete K and H+ into urine.
Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - Answer -decreased blood pressure
causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidney to secrete renin
renin stimulates angiotensin I
angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II by ACE in pulmonary vessels
, leads to reabsorption of Na/H20, rise of systemic BP restoring renal perfusion... all
negative feedback that inhibits further release of renin
What produces ANP? Urodilantin? - Answer -myocardial atria
urodilantin is similar to ANP and is secreted by kidney cells in response to increased
renal blood flow.
Where is BNP produced? - Answer -ventricles
ANP and BNP are antagonist to what - Answer -RASS and stop secretion of
aldosterone, renin, and AD and the action of angiotensin II
Thirst perception is regulated by; - Answer -1. Osmolality receptors (cause thirst ex: dry
mouth, plasma volume depletion)
2. Baroreceptors (stimulated by depleted plasma volume to cause release of ADH)
What does ADH (arginine vasopressin) do? When is is released? - Answer -- increases
H20 absorption by increasing permeability of renal tubules in collecting ducts of kidneys
- released with increased plasma osmolality, decreased circulating blood vol.,
decreased BP
What is osmolality? normal value? - Answer -Number of particles per kg of H20. Doesn't
depend on particle size, just number of particles.
normal = 295
What does high/low osmolality indicate - Answer -low (less 295) = fluid overload
high > 295 = dehydration
What is a hypotonic solution? - Answer -a solution that has a lower osmotic pressure
than another solution. Less solute, more water.
What is an isotonic alteration? cause? - Answer -Total body water change with
proportional electrolyte changes.
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