Nursing 101 Exam #2 Questions And Answers With
Verified Solutions
What is Critical Thinking? ANS -Not a linear step by step process
-Process acquired through hard work, commitment, and an active curiosity toward learning
-Decision making is the skill that separates the professional nurse from technical or ancillary staff
Characteristics of Critical Thinking ANS *Cognitive thinking*
-Broad term
-Knowledge, evidence, and science based
-Process acquired through hard work, commitment, and an active curiosity toward learning
-Purposeful, controlled, and you use well written strategies to get the desired results
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been ordered a medication that the nurse has never given before. Prior to
giving the medication, the nurse uses an electronic database to gather information about the medication. Which of
the following components of critical thinking is the nurse demonstrating?
A) Competence
B) Knowledge
C) Experience
D) Independent Thinker ANS B) Knowledge
Mrs. Castlio has late stage cancer and is not expected to live more than a few months. With chemotherapy, she could
live perhaps a year or two more. She cannot decide what to do. She knows that the chemotherapy will have
unpleasant side effects, and can be very expensive, and she wants to protect her family from the emotional and
financial hardships of a lingering illness. She is showing physical signs of anxiety and distress (increased heart rate,
restlessness, tearfulness). You, the nurse, want to provide her support for her decision, whatever it may be.
1) What theoretical knowledge do you need to help Mrs. Castlio? ANS You have to know about cancer. What are
the side effects of chemotherapy? What will that mean for her and her quality of life? What will she expect if she
decides to do chemotherapy? You also need to know about anxiety and how it affects the physiological parts of your
body. What are her coping skills?
Mrs. Castlio has late stage cancer and is not expected to live more than a few months. With chemotherapy, she could
live perhaps a year or two more. She cannot decide what to do. She knows that the chemotherapy will have
unpleasant side effects, and can be very expensive, and she wants to protect her family from the emotional and
financial hardships of a lingering illness. She is showing physical signs of anxiety and distress (increased heart rate,
restlessness, tearfulness). You, the nurse, want to provide her support for her decision, whatever it may be.
,2) In relation to critical thinking skills: what details represent the patient situation? ANS What is the patient
data? What are the patient's preferences? What about the context of the situation? This patient is clearly worried
about the expenses of this-limited funds. She also wants to protect her family from the emotional hardships of the
illness, not just the financial hardships.
Mrs. Castlio has late stage cancer and is not expected to live more than a few months. With chemotherapy, she could
live perhaps a year or two more. She cannot decide what to do. She knows that the chemotherapy will have
unpleasant side effects, and can be very expensive, and she wants to protect her family from the emotional and
financial hardships of a lingering illness. She is showing physical signs of anxiety and distress (increased heart rate,
restlessness, tearfulness). You, the nurse, want to provide her support for her decision, whatever it may be.
3) What practical knowledge do you need to help Mrs. Castlio? ANS You must have effective therapeutic
communication with this patient. You must know how to administer chemo medications. You need vital signs to help
& ADLs.
Mrs. Castlio has late stage cancer and is not expected to live more than a few months. With chemotherapy, she could
live perhaps a year or two more. She cannot decide what to do. She knows that the chemotherapy will have
unpleasant side effects, and can be very expensive, and she wants to protect her family from the emotional and
financial hardships of a lingering illness. She is showing physical signs of anxiety and distress (increased heart rate,
restlessness, tearfulness). You, the nurse, want to provide her support for her decision, whatever it may be.
4) Depending on Mrs. Castlio's decision, think of one ethical issues that might arise for you, the nurse, or members
of her family later on. ANS What if she decides not to do chemo therapy? Does she have the right to do that?
Would it be wrong to convince her to have treatment? To impress my personal values and opinions? What if the
family doesn't agree? What kind of ethical issues may arise?
Definition of Nursing Process ANS The nursing process is a cyclical, critical thinking process that consist of
five steps to follow in a purposeful, goal directed, systematic way to achieve optimal client outcomes.
Purpose of the Nursing Process ANS It's a dynamic, continuous, client centered, problem-solving, and decision
making framework that is foundational to nursing practice. *It is a variation of scientific reasoning that helps nurses
organize nursing care and apply the optimal available evidence to care delivery.*
Steps of the Nursing Process ANS 1) Assessment
2) Diagnosis
3) Planning
4) Implementation
5) Evaluation
, Assessment (Definition & Purpose) ANS It involves the systematic collection of information about clients'
present health statuses to identify needs and additional data to collect based on findings. Nurses can collect data
during an initial assessment (baseline data), focused assessment, and ongoing assessments.
Types of Assessment ANS 1) Initial/comprehensive assessment - in depth
2) Focused assessment - specific (sore throat, bladder infection)
3) Ongoing assessment (Time-Lapsed) - some lingering issue
4) Emergency
Methods of Data Collection ANS -Observation
-Interviews with clients and families
-Medical history
-Comprehensive or focused physical examination
-Diagnostic and laboratory reports
-Collaboration with other members of the healthcare team.
Subjective data ANS Collected during a nursing history. They include clients feelings, perceptions, and
descriptions of health status. Clients are the only ones who can describe and verify their own manifestations.
EX: I'm nauseous
EX: My shoulder is really, really sore.
Objective data ANS Measured during a physical examination. They feel, see, hear, and smell objective data
through observation or physical assessment of the client.
EX: Patient vomits
EX: Patient grimaces when attempting to brush their hair with their left arm.
Diagnosis (Definition & Purpose) ANS Used to identify clients health statuses or problem(s), interpret or
monitor the collective database, reach in appropriate nursing judgment about health status and coping mechanisms,
and provide direction for nursing care.
Analysis/data collection requires nurses to look at the data and: ANS -Recognize patterns or trends
-Compare the data with expected standards or reference ranges
-Arrive at conclusions to guide nursing care
