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unit 2 apush notes
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Lecture notes of 9 pages for the course APUSH at Junior / 11th grade (Unit 2 apush notes)
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2.1 ColonizationBritish Treatment of the Colonies
● Period preceding the French and Indian War is often described as salutary neglect or
benign neglect.
● England regulated trade and government in its colonies but interfered in colonial affairs
as little as possible.
● England set up absentee customs officials and colonies were left to self-govern.
● England occasionally turned a blind eye to the colonies' violations of trade restrictions.
● Developed a large degree of autonomy.
● Helped fuel revolutionary sentiments when monarchy later attempted to gain greater
control of the New World.
English Regulation of Colonial Trade
● Throughout the colonial period, Europeans used a theory called mercantilism.
● Mercantilists believed that economic power was rooted in a favorable balance of trade
and control of specie
● Colonies were important mostly for economic reasons, which is why the British
considered their colonies in the West Indies more important than their colonies on the
North American continent
● Colonies on the North American continent were seen primarily as markets for British and
West Indian goods, but also as sources of raw materials
British Control of Colonial Commerce
● British government encouraged manufacturing in England and placed protective tariffs
on imports that might compete with English goods
● Navigation Acts passed between 1651 and 1673, required colonists to buy goods only
from England, sell certain of their products only to England, and import non-English
goods via English ports and pay a duty on those imports
● Navigation Acts also prohibited the colonies from manufacturing a number of goods that
England already produced
● Wool Act of 1699, forbade both the export of wool from the American colonies and the
importation of wool from other British colonies
● Molasses Act of 1733, imposed an exorbitant tax upon the importation of sugar from
the French West Indies
● New Englanders frequently refused to pay the taxes imposed by these acts
Wool Act of 1699
, ● Forbade both the export of wool from the American colonies and the importation of wool
from other British colonies
● Some colonists protested this law by dealing only in flax and hemp
Molasses Act of 1733
● Imposed an exorbitant tax upon the importation of sugar from the French West Indies
● New Englanders frequently refused to pay the tax, an early example of rebellion against
the Crown.
Colonial Governments
● Despite trade regulations, colonists maintained a high degree of autonomy
● Each colony had a governor appointed by the king or proprietor
● Governor had powers similar to the king, but also dependent on colonial legislatures for
money
● Governor's power relied on cooperation of colonists, most ruled accordingly
Legislatures:
● Except for Pennsylvania, all colonies had bicameral legislatures modeled after British
Parliament
● Lower house functioned similar to House of Representatives, members directly elected
by white, male property holders and had "power of the purse"
● Upper house made of appointees serving as advisors to governor, had some legislative
and judicial powers
● Most upper house members chosen from local population and concerned with protecting
interests of colonial landowners
British Central Government:
● British never established powerful central government in colonies
● Autonomy allowed eased transition to independence in following century
Colonial Efforts Toward Centralization:
● Small efforts made by colonists towards centralized government
● New England Confederation most prominent attempt
● No real power, but offered advice to northeastern colonies when disputes arose
● Provided opportunity for colonists from different settlements to meet and discuss mutual
problems
2.2 The Regions of the British Colonies
Development of the Colonies
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