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ATLS Airway and Ventilatory Management Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 100% Verified.
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ATLS Airway and Ventilatory Management Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 100% Verified.
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ATLS Airway and Ventilatory ManagementSupplemental oxygen must be administered to all severely injured trauma patients - ANS true
Airway - ANS most important early assessment measure is to talk to the patient and stimulate a
verbal response
What is a definitive airway? - ANS -tube placed in the trachea with cuff inflated to below vocal
cords, tube connected to a form of oxygen-enriched assisted ventilation, and the airway secured
in place with an appropriate stabilizing method
-Maintaining oxygenation and preventing hypercarbia are critical in managing trauma patients,
especially those who have sustained head injuries
Maxillofacial trauma - ANS -trauma to face demands aggressive but careful airway
management
Neck trauma - ANS -penetrating injury to neck can cause vascular injury with significant
hematoma, which can result in displacement and obstruction of the airway
Laryngeal trauma - ANS -can present with acute airway obstruction
what is the triad of clinical signs that indicates a laryngeal injury? - ANS 1. hoarseness
2. subcutaneous emphysema
3. palpable fracture
Noisy breathing - ANS indicates partial airway objection that can suddenly become complete
Absence of breathing - ANS complete obstruction
What imaging can help diagnose fracture of larynx? - ANS CT scan
What are the objective signs of airway obstruction? - ANS 1. observe patient to determine
whether he/she is agitated (suggesting hypoxia) or obtunded (suggesting hypercarbia)
-Cyanosis indicates hypoxemia from inadequate oxygenation and is identified by inspecting nail
beds and circumoral skin
-pulse oximetry can detect inadequate oxygenation before cyanosis develops
signs of airway obstruction continued - ANS 2. listen for abnormal sounds
-Noisy breathing: obstructed breathing
-Partial occlusion of pharynx or larynx: snoring, gurgling,
, and crowing sounds (stridor)
-Functional laryngeal obstruction: hoarseness (dysphonia)
3. evaluate patient's behavior
-Abusive and belligerent patients may in fact be hypoxic;
don't assume intoxication
What are signs of inadequate ventilation? - ANS 1. look for symmetrical rise and fall of chest
and adequate
chest wall excursion
-Asymmetry suggests splinting of rib cage, pneumothorax,
or flail chest
2. listen for movement of air on both sides of chest
3. Use pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation and gauge
peripheral perfusion
-Low oxygen saturation: hypoperfusion or shock
4. Use capnography in spontaneously breathing and intubated
patients
Airway management - ANS Restriction of c-spine motion is necessary in all trauma patients at
risk for spinal injury until it has been excluded by appropriate radiographic adjuncts and clinical
evaluation
What factors indicate potential difficulties with airway maneuvers? - ANS 1. C-spine injury
2. Severe arthritis of c-spine
3. Significant maxillofacial or mandibular trauma
4. Limited mouth opening
5. Obesity
6. Anatomical variations
7. Pediatric patients
What is the LEMON ASSESSMENT? - ANS -used for difficult intubation
L=look externally
E=evaluate the 3-3-2 rule
M=Mallampati
O=Obstruction
N=neck mobility
Airway maintenance techniques - ANS -Patients with decreased level of consciousness the
tongue can fall back and obstruct the hypopharynx so use chin lift or jaw thrust. airway can then
be maintained with OPA or NPA
-Maneuvers used to establish an airway can produce or aggravate c-spine injury, so restriction
of c-spine motion is mandatory during these procedures
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