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CMAS EXAM 3 PSU questions & correct answers
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CMAS EXAM 3 PSU questions & correct answers
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CMAS EXAM 3 PSUFour-Developmental-Dimensions Model of Victimization Impact - correct answer ✔✔Appraisals->
developmental tasks-> coping strategies-> Environmental buffers
appraisals - correct answer ✔✔Wrongness, dangerousness, self-blame Appraisals of the victimization
and its implications - Children at different stages appraise victimizations differently and tend to form
different expectations based on those appraisals.
developmental tasks - correct answer ✔✔- e.g. attachment, peer relationshipformation, datingTask
Application - Children at different stages face differentdevelopmental tasks, upon which these appraisals
will beapplied.
Coping strategies - correct answer ✔✔e.g., avoidance, somatization, cognitive processing
Children at different stages of development have different repertoires of coping strategies available to
respond to the stress and conflict produced by victimization.
environmental buffers - correct answer ✔✔e.g. parent, school,police responseChildren at different
stages of developmentoperate in different social and familycontexts, which can alter how
thevictimization affects them.
Interpersonal/Domestic Violence - correct answer ✔✔the willful intimidation, physical assault,battery,
sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systemicpattern of power and control
perpetrated by one intimate partner againstanother.
impacts of domestic violence and childhood experience - correct answer ✔✔Forging romantic
relationships• Type of romantic partners• Increase in substances• Develop physical and mentalhealth
problems• Lifelong learning difficulties• Suicidal thoughts• Develop aggressive behaviorsThis Photo by
Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Consequences ofPhysical Abuse - correct answer ✔✔Childhood:• Fractures• Scaring from injury• Head
and internal injury• Impact on the brain• Structure and chemistry in the brain• Behavioral and learning
,challenges• Left side of the brain -underdeveloped• Hippocampus is smaller• Serotonin and dopamine
impactedThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
consequences of physical abuse in adulthood - correct answer ✔✔Trust• Unpredictable →hurtful•
Anticipate and avoid conflict• Flee from intimacycloseness = vulnerability to pain• Lack the ability to
trust themselves → self-isolate
AngerInward & OutwardRelational ImbalancesLow Self-EsteemAbuse = Punishment → feels
inherentlywrongCoping SkillsPhysical Implications
Coping Skills• Survivors may have neverlearned how to solveproblems in a logical manner• Solving small
problems maycause major crisis.• Easily overwhelmed• Acute anxiety• Physical symptoms• Loss of
control over temper• Substance abuse• Total inability to function
health affects of physical abuse - correct answer ✔✔Weakness from broken bones• Hypertension•
Cardiovascular disease• Lung and liver disease• Diabetes• Asthma• Obesity• Lifelong cognitive,
language and learningdelays/disabilities
Consequences of neglect infant to early childhood - correct answer ✔✔Non-organic Failure to Thrive
(NFTT)syndrome• Significantly lower• Neurocognitive functioning• IQ• Learning/memory• Executive
functions leading to poor-achievement• Lower levels of cerebral white matter Poor muscle tone
Consequences of physical neglect (childhood) - correct answer ✔✔Early experiences of physical neglect,
we can see:• High rates of anxious attachment by the age of 1• Low levels of enthusiasm• Frustration
tolerance• Persistence during problem-solving tasks in toddlerhoodEmotional Neglect:• ALL emotionally
neglect children, at 18 months presented with anxious attachment• Toddlerhood displayed:•Anger•Non-
compliance•Low positive affect during problem-solving tasks
At ages 4.5 Neglected Children• Show poor classroom adjustment• Low impulse control• Extreme
dependence on teachers• Ranked below non-maltreated childrenon:• Peer acceptance• Emotional
health• Performance on standardized tests ofintelligence
Consequences of physical neglect (adolescence) - correct answer ✔✔:Low academic achievementHigh
rates of alcohol useDelinquencySchool drop-outSuicidalityMental health disorders
, consequences of physical neglect (adulthood) - correct answer ✔✔Trust• Anger• Relational Imbalances•
Low Self-Esteem• Impaired Social Skills• Verbal inaccessibility - inability toeffectively communicate•
Substance Abuse and Criminality• Physical Problems• Insufficient care in childhood impactinglong term
healthThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
consequences of sexual abuse - correct answer ✔✔1993 Study by Kendall - Tackett, Williams and
Finkelhor• Sexually abused children were more likely to present with symptoms of posttraumatic stress
and sexualized behaviors• Increase in biopsychosocial symptoms were present in that who:• Had a close
relationship with the theperpetrator• Had many incidents of sexual encounters• Abuse occurred over a
long period of time• Force was used• Sexual acts including some form of penetration
consequences of sexual abuse (interfamilial abuse) - correct answer ✔✔Child Sexual Abuse
Accommodation Syndrome• Coined by Rondald Summit As a method to outline how children were-
affected by sexual abuse.• Secrecy - Allows abuse to continue• Causes a sense of helplessness• Child
begins to feel trapped (entrapment)learning to live with or accommodate theabuse• There are delayed,
conflicting andunconvincing disclosures• Retraction of the report based on the guiltfear or the reactions
of those whom the childtells
Consequences of sexual abuse (childhood) - correct answer ✔✔Inappropriate sexual behaviors•
Nightmares• School Problems• Hyperactivity• Regressive behaviors such as wetting the bed• Anxiety,
Depression, PTSD symptoms• Withdrawal• Suicidal/Self-Injurious behavior• Somatic Complaints• Illegal
acts• Running away• Substance abuse
Consequences of sexual abuse (adulthood) - correct answer ✔✔Trust• Traumatic Sexualization• Child's
premature indoctrination into adult sexuality and the confusion this process involves.• Confusion
between sex and affection• Distorted perception of sexual norms• Increase of promiscuity or
prostitution
Stigmatization and Self-Esteem• Self-image: Guilt, Shame, and/or inherentbadness• Sense of feeling -
damaged and tainted• Dissociation: a defensive disruption in the normally occurring connections among
feeling, thoughts, behavior, and memories, consciously or unconsciously invoked in order to reduce
psychological distress.• Disengagement• Detachment or numbing• Observation• Psychogenic amnesia•
Self-mutilation/Suicide• Survivor's Guilt
Powerlessness• Feeling of vulnerability• Incompetence• Anger• Relational Imbalance• 46% of incest
victims report physical or sexual violence in marriage• Multiple Victimization• Higher incidences of
repeated victimization• 82% of incest victims some serious sexual assault• 48% of non-incest victims
experienced some type of serious sexual assault
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