Holistic Approaches to Abnormal Psychology Exam Questions and Answers
a psychological disorder is... - Answers 1. a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is...
2. associated with distress or impairment in functioning and...
3. a response that is not typical or culturally expected
all three basic criteria must be met; no one criterion alone has yet been identified that defines the
essence of abnormality
research about psychological disorders fall into three basic categories... - Answers description,
causation, and treatment and outcomes
in the supernatural tradition, abnormal behaviour is attributed to... - Answers agents outside our bodies
or social environment, such as demons, spirits, or the influence of the moon and stars
although still alive, this tradition has been largely replaced by biological and psychological perspectives
in the biological tradition, disorders are attributed to... - Answers disease or biochemical imbalances
in the psychological tradition, abnormal behaviour is attributed to... - Answers faulty psychological
development and to social context
supernatural treatments include... - Answers exorcism to rid the body of supernatural spirits
biological treatments typically emphasise... - Answers physical care and the search for medical cures,
especially drugs
psychological approaches use... - Answers psychosocial treatments, beginning with moral therapy and
including modern psychotherapy
in therapy, freud focused on... - Answers tapping into the mysteries of the unconscious through such
techniques as catharsis, free association, and dream analysis
humanistic psychology focuses more on... - Answers human potential and self-actualising than on
psychological disorders
therapy that has evolved from humanism is known as... - Answers person-centred therapy
person-centred therapy involves the therapist... - Answers showing almost unconditional positive regard
for the client's feelings and thoughts
Behavioural research and therapy focus on... - Answers things that are measurable, including such
techniques as systematic desnsitisation, reinforcement, and shaping
we now realise that... - Answers no contribution to psychological disorders ever occurs in isolation
, our behaviour, both normal and abnormal, is a product of... - Answers continual interaction of
psychological, biological, and social influences
psychological disorders are caused by a complex interplay of... - Answers nature (biology) and nurture
(psychosocial factors)
to identify the causes of a psychological disorder in a given person we must consider the interaction of
all relevant dimensions: - Answers genetic contributions, the role of the nervous system, behavioural
and cognitive processes, emotional influences, social and interpersonal influences, and developmental
factors. thus, we have arrived at a multidimensional integrative approach to the causes of psychological
disorders
the genetic influence on much of our development and most of our behaviour, personality, and even IQ
scores is... - Answers polygenic - that is, influenced by many genes (this is assumed to be the case in
abnormal behaviour as well, although research is beginning to identify specific small groups of genes
that relate to some major psychological disorders)
in studying causal relationships in psychopathology, researchers look at the interactions of... - Answers
genetic and environmental effects
in the diathesis-stress model, individuals are assumed... - Answers to inherit certain vulnerabilities that
make them susceptible to a disorder when the right kind of stressor comes along
in the gene-environment correlation or reciprocal gene-environment model, the individual's... - Answers
genetic vulnerability toward a certain disorder may make it more likely that the person will experience
the stressor that, in turn, triggers the genetic vulnerability and thus the disorder
in epigenetics, the immediate effects of... - Answers the environment (such as early stressful
experiences) influence cells that turn certain genes on or off. this effect may be passed down through
several generations
within the nervous system, levels of... - Answers neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine activity interact
in complex ways to modulate and regulate emotions and behaviour and contribute to psychological
disorders
critical to our understanding of psychopathology are the neurotransmitter currents called... - Answers
brain circuits
of the neurotransmitters that play a key role, we investigated five: - Answers serotonin, gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, norepinephrine, and dopamine
the relatively new field of cognitive science provides a valuable perspective on how... - Answers
behavioural and cognitive influences affect the learning and adaptation each of us experience
throughout life
