NUR 228 Exam 1 Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 228
Institution
NUR 228
What are the Baltes principles of the lifespan developmental approach? DEVELOPMENT... 1. lifelong 2. multidimensional 3. multidirectional 4. influences of bio and culture shift 5. involves changing resource allocations 6. shows plasticity 7. influenced by history and culture
What are the differenc...
NUR 228 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
What are the Baltes principles of the lifespan developmental approach?
✅DEVELOPMENT...
1. lifelong
2. multidimensional
3. multidirectional
4. influences of bio and culture shift
5. involves changing resource allocations
6. shows plasticity
7. influenced by history and culture
What are the differences of development related to physical, cognitive and psychosocial
concepts? ✅physical- growth of body and brain; motor skills, health, senses
cognitive- mental abilities; learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning,
creativity
psychosocial- emotions, personality, social relationships
What are Erikson's stages of development, virtues, examples for infancy, toddler and
early childhood? ✅infancy: trust vs mistrust - hope - needs met, builds trust
toddler: autonomy vs shame - will - independence, learn not to doubt their abilities
ec: initiative vs guilt - purpose - plan activities, reconcile desire to do with their desire for
approval, take initiative, not feeling guilty about independence
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasis on social and cultural
influences. ✅8 stage theory that believes there are social and cultural influences that
develop the ego. each stage involves a major psychological challenge that must be
resolved for development
How is social construction related to culture or society? ✅social construction- concept
or practice that seems normal and obvious to those who accept it but is invention of
specific society
example: dividing lifespans (adolescence)
Periods of life span ✅prenatal (conception to birth)
infancy and toddler (birth-3)
early child (3-6)
middle child (6-11)
adolescence (11-20)
young adult (20-40)
middle adult (40-65)
late adult (65+)
, What are the influences on development? ✅heredity- inborn traits inherited from bio
parents
environment- totality of nonhereditary or experiential influences
maturation- unfolding of natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes
Describe the differences of Normative vs Nonnormative Influences ✅normative-
characteristics of something that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group
age graded influence- similar for people in age group (80's)
history graded influences- events that shape the behavior of a generation (9/11)
non normative- individual; characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a person
OR typical event that occurs at unusual time
identify what is imprinting or plasticity during development. ✅imprinting- instinctive
form of learning during critical time of development when animal forms attachment to
first moving object it sees (mom)
plasticity- being molded or shaped by experience
What types of families are there? ✅nuclear- 2 generational; 1 or 2 parents, kids
extended- Multigen; parents, kids, relatives
What is difference of classical and operant conditioning? ✅classical- associating a
stimulus that does not normally elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit a
response
operant- associating behavior with consequences (voluntary behavior)
What are the five Theoretical perspectives on Human development? ✅1.
Psychoanalytic
2. Learning
3. Cognitive
4. Contextual
5. Evolutionary/sociobiological
Psychoanalytic Theory ✅Freud
development shaped by unconscious forces that motivate behavior.
-learning to satisfy urges
-early experiences shape later functioning
-childhood precursor to adolescence
psychosexual dvlpmt:
id (pleasure; newborn behavior)
ego (reason and reality, early life)
superego (conscience, late childhood)
Learning perspective ✅view that changes in behavior result from experience or
adaption to environment
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