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NURA 2500- CARDIO EXAM LATEST UPDATE
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NURA 2500- CARDIO EXAMLATEST UPDATE
What is a muscular organ that is located in the mediastinum between the lungs? -
Answer the heart
How much does the heart pump with each beat? - Answer 60mL
What is the heart protected by? - Answer pericardium
The heart has two halves: right and left that are separated by what? - Answer the
septum
How does blood flow through the heart? - Answer 1. Vena cava: superior and inferior
2. Right atrium (pacemaker)
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonic Valves
6. Pulmonary arteries: left and right
7. Pulmonary Veins: left and right
8. Left atrium
9. Mitral valve
10. Left ventricle
11. Aortic valve
12. Aorta
The right atrium receives _______________ blood from the superior and inferior vena
cava. - Answer deoxygenated
The right atrium is known as the _________ of the heart. - Answer pacemaker
The right atrium initiates what? - Answer it initiates all heartbeats and determines heart
rate.
The right ventricle generates enough pressure to close the ___________. - Answer
tricuspid valve
,The right ventricle opens the... - Answer pulmonic valve
The right ventricle then propels blood into the ______________ then the lungs. - Answer
Pulmonary artery
The left atrium receives _____________ blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. -
Answer oxygenated
The left atrium flows to the? - Answer left ventricle
The left ventricle generates enough blood to close the? - Answer Mitral valve
The left ventricle then propels blood into the __________ and out into circulation. -
Answer aorta
How do you listen to the heart? - Answer APETM
This is known as the "lub" sound and is the beginning of systolic blood pressure? -
Answer S1
Where can you hear S1 the loudest at? - Answer over the apex of the heart which is
located at the midclavicular line of the 5th intercostal space. (the M in "APETM".
If S1 is louder than S2 than this may indicate what type of problem? - Answer
-hypotyroidism
-anemia
If S1 is dull this can indicate what - Answer it can indicate there is a heart block.
This is known as the "dub" sound and is the beginning of diastolic blood pressure? -
Answer S2
The lub sound is the closing of the? - Answer mitral and tricuspid valves
The dub sound is the closing of the? - Answer aortic and pulmonic valves
Where can you hear S2 the loudest? - Answer over the left second intercostal space (the
"P" in "APTEM").
When there is a pause between S1 and S2 this means.. - Answer the ventricles are filling
with blood.
____________ is an abnormal heart sound from resistance of PASSIVE filling during
EARLY diastole. - Answer S3
____________ is and abnormal heart sound from resistance of ACTIVE filling during LATE
diastole. - Answer S4
Hearing S4 can indicate what? - Answer diastolic heart failure
, What sounds like a swishing or swooning noise? - Answer murmurs
What does a murmur indicate? - Answer It indicates that the valves are not closing all
the way or there is a hole in the heart (more common in Peds)
______________ is assessed by having the patient in the tripod position, breathing out and
holding their breath. - Answer Aortic Murmur
_______________ is assessed in the left lateral lying portion and is best heard after the
patient has performed some exercise. - Answer Mitral Murmur
__________________ is when the valve does not open appropriately. The blood is pushing
very hard to get out and becomes turbulent. - Answer Stenosis
________________ is when the valve does not close appropriately. The blood gets sent
back through where it should not be. - Answer Regurgitation
_________________ is the force exerted again vessel walls. - Answer Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is higher in __________ blood vessels and decreases as the blood
reaches the ________________. - Answer 1. larger
2. capillaries
What is determined by how much volume, contraction, and vascular tone each heart
has? - Answer blood pressure
How is blood pressure regulated? - Answer by balancing the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems of the autonomic nervous systems. If something
changing in the ANS then the body reacts accordingly.
How do we measure blood pressure? - Answer BP cuff, manual cuff's are more
ACCURATE.
What is the amount of pressure/force generated by the left ventricle to push blood out to
the aorta. - Answer Systolic BP
Systolic BP is an indicator of? - Answer how effective the heart is pumping and indicates
vascular tone.
What is the amount of pressure/force against the arterial walls when the heart is
relaxed? - Answer Diastolic BP
Normal BP - Answer <120/<80
Prehypertensive BP - Answer 120-129/80
Stage 1 Hypertension BP - Answer 130-139/80-89
Stage 2 Hypertension BP - Answer above 140/ above 90
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