Exam (elaborations)
USABO CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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USABO CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:28 Multiple choice questions
Definition 1 of 28
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes and rRNA
nucleus
nuclear envelop
nuclear lamina薄片
nucleolus
Definition 2 of 28
DNA and histones are packed together to be nucleosome, nucleosome form a pack which are
called chromatin, two chromatin form a chromosome.
DNA + histone
microscopy
Peroxisomes
Golgi Apparatus
,Definition 3 of 28
- Exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range
- 发光without enzymes or cofactors
- can be used in living cells
Golgi Apparatus
Eukaryotic cells characteristics
Surface area to volume ratio (SA/V)
GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)
Definition 4 of 28
- Peroxisomes contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen to oxygen
- Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide (toxic) and convert it to water
- Peroxisomes create lipids (cholesterol and dolichol)
microtubules
cytoskeleton
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Definition 5 of 28
- chromosome: tightly packaged DNA; found only during cell division
- chromatin: unwinded DNA; found during interphase
chromosome VS chromatin
endomembrane system
cytoplasm VS cytosol
Peroxisomes
,Definition 6 of 28
microtubules
eukaryotic cells
plant cells
animal cells
Definition 7 of 28
- • A lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the molecules
- work best in the acidic environment
- Some types of cell can engulf another cell by phagocytosis
- Lysosomes also use enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules
(autophagy)
ribosome
Lysosomes
microtubules
Peroxisomes
, Definition 8 of 28
Smooth ER
– Synthesizes lipids
– Detoxifies drugs and poisons
– Stores calcium ions
Rough ER
– Has bound ribosomes, the new polypeptide chains enter the ER lumen and are modified, like
covalently attached to carbohydrates. These proteins are usually secretory or membrane
proteins
– Package proteins in transport vesicles, which go to Golgi Apparatus
Fluid Mosaic Model
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Prokaryotic cells characteristics
Electron Microscopes (EMs)
Definition 9 of 28
plant cells
Peroxisomes
microtubules
animal cells
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