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PCC Exam 1
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PCC Exam 1 PCC Exam 1 PCC Exam 1
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PCC Exam 1after what age is it acceptable to give infants cow milk, honey, and corn syrup? - after 1 year
what are some risk factors for poor nutrition? - age, genetics, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity
what racial/ethnic group have a higher chance of vitamin D deficiencies? - individuals of color
what population has a higher chance of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and HTN? - minority populations
what population has a higher chance of osteoporosis? - caucasian females
difference between micronutrients and macronutrients - micro- kcal containing vitamins and
minerals
macro- kcal containing carbs, proteins, and fats
when should a mom breastfeed her infant? - first 6 months of life
when should parents start to introduce food to an infant and at what speed? - 6-12 months; 1 at a
time with 4-7 days apart to identify allergies
what disease do infants under the age of 1 have a higher chance of getting if you give them corn
syrup and honey? - botulism
what is the average intake of food for toddlers and preschoolers? - 1800cals/day
what kind of milk should be served to toddlers and preschoolers until 2 years of age and why? -
whole milk prevents fatty acid intake
what do school age patients have a high risk for nutrition-wise? - high intake of fats, sugar, and salt
due to snack foods
,what are some ways to promote healthy lifestyle habits for an adolescent? - sports, physical activity,
play outside
at what age do eating disorders start becoming popular? - adolescent
what should adolescence increase in their daily food intake? - protein, calcium, and iron
why do energy levels decrease in middle and older adult ages? - growth period is ending/slow
metabolic rate
due to lack of physical activity and access to certain foods, what are young and middle age adults
more at risk for? - obesity and insulin resistance
during pregnancy, how much protein should the woman be eating? how much additional
kilocalories? - 60g/day; 500kcal
why should a pregnant women increase calcium intake? iron intake? - promotes fetal bone
mineralization; support for increased blood volume
what things should a woman avoid when pregnant? - alcohol, caffeine, certain drugs
what is the normal HbA1c level - 5.7% or lower
what is the pre-diabetic HbA1c level - 5.7-6.4%
what is the diabetic HbA1c level - 6.5% or higher
what BMI is considered obese in children? overweight? - obese- >95%; overweight- <95%-85%
optimal BMI in adults - 18.5-24.9
overweight BMI in adults - 25-29.9
, class 1 BMI in obesity? class 2 (morbid)? - 1= 30-35.9; 2= 35.9-40+
what type of body cancers are linked to excess body fat? - breast, endometrial, kidney, pancreas,
esophagus
are unsaturated fats good or bad? - good
how are unsaturated fats good for you? - improves cholesterol, eases inflammation, and stabilizes
heart rhythms
what are sources of unsaturated fats and examples of them? - monounsaturated: peanuts, olive oil,
avocados
polyunsaturated: sunflower, corn, soybean, fish
are saturated fats good or bad? - not bad but not good
what percentage do we want in our daily intake of saturated fats? - 10% or lower of total calories
what are examples of saturated fats? - meat, whole-milk products, coconut oil
are trans fats good or bad - bad
why are trans fats bad for you? - raises LDLs and lowers HDLs, increases inflammation
examples of trans fats: - fried foods, butter, processed foods
what is fiber and what does it do? - indigestible carbs; reduces risk of heart disease, diabetes, and
constipation
examples of fiber foods - whole fruits, whole grains, raw veggies
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