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BCH exam 2 Questions and Answers | Latest Update 2024/2025

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Properties of waxes ~~> low melting points, stable solids, appear in both plants and animals in nature a wax coat protects the surface of many plant leaves from water loss and attack from microorganisms What defines a carbohydrate? ~~> aldehydes & ketones with many OH groups, or s...

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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


BCH exam 2 Questions and Answers |
Latest Update 2024/2025
Properties of waxes

✓ ~~> low melting points, stable solids, appear in both plants and

animals in nature

✓ a wax coat protects the surface of many plant leaves from water loss

and attack from microorganisms



What defines a carbohydrate?

✓ ~~> aldehydes & ketones with many OH groups, or substances that

form these when hydrolyzed



Where do carbohydrates come from?

✓ ~~> primary products of photosynthesis- extracts carbon from

atmosphere and creates carbs out of that carbon



How are monosaccharides names

✓ ~~> 1. Based off Aldose or Ketose



2. Based off # of Carbons



What is the simplest aldiose and the simplest ketone




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ ~~> aldose: glyceraldehyde

Ketose: dihydroxylacetone



What is the structure of Glucose

✓ ~~> aldohexose



What is the structure of Galactose

✓ ~~> aldohexose



What is the structure of Mannose

✓ ~~> aldohexose



What is the structure of Fructose

✓ ~~> ketohexose



What is the structure of Sucrose

✓ ~~> glucose a(1-2) fructose



What is the structure of Ribose

✓ ~~> an aldopentose



Define the D & L stereochemistry of carbohydrates & how it is determined




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ ~~> based off glyceraldehyde, CH2OH down in fisher projection

- look at side of -OH group



-OH on right: D- configuration

-OH on left L- configuration



*** OH of highest number Carbon



What is an enantiomers

✓ ~~> nonsuperimposable mirror images

D & L configurations



How many stereoisomers can a molecule have?

✓ ~~> 2^n where n = # chiral centers



What is a diastereomer?

✓ ~~> don't differ at ALL chiral carbons, therefore not mirror images



different physical and chemical properties



What is an epimer? Provide an example

✓ ~~> 2 sugars that differ only in the configuration around 1 carbon




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

galactose and mannose are epimers of glucose



alpha-D glucose has 3 epimers: B-D-glucose, a-D-mannose, and a-D-

galactose



What are 2 most common, of the 4, D-aldopentoses



What are the 2 D-aldothreoses

✓ ~~> D-aldopentoses:

1. D-ribose

2. D-xylose



What are the 2 D-aldothreoses:

1. D-erythrose

2. D-threose



What defines a disaccharide (upon a hydrolysis run)?

✓ ~~> forms 2 monosaccharides when hydrolyzed



What defines a polysaccharide?

✓ ~~> forms many monosaccharides when hydrolyzed



What is a hemiacetal and a hemiketal?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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